Science & Technology
Chinese scientists use lunar soil to produce water, state media reports
NASA head Bill Nelson has repeatedly raised the alarm about the rapid advances in China’s space programme and the possibility of Beijing dominating the most resource-rich locations on the moon.
Chinese scientists have discovered a “brand-new method” of producing large quantities of water using lunar soil brought back from a 2020 expedition, state broadcaster CCTV reported on Thursday.
In 2020, China’s Chang’e-5 mission marked the first time humans retrieved lunar samples in 44 years. Researchers from the state-run Chinese Academy of Sciences discovered that the minerals in this ‘moon soil’ contain large amounts of hydrogen, which reacts with other elements when heated to very high temperatures, producing water vapour, CCTV reported, according to Reuters.
“After three years of in-depth research and repeated verification, a brand-new method of using lunar soil to produce large amounts of water was discovered, which is expected to provide important design basis for the construction of future lunar scientific research stations and space stations,” said CCTV.
The discovery could have important implications for China’s decades-long project of building a permanent lunar outpost amid a U.S.-China race to find and mine the moon’s resources.
NASA head Bill Nelson has repeatedly raised the alarm about the rapid advances in China’s space programme and the possibility of Beijing dominating the most resource-rich locations on the moon.
Using the new method, one tonne of lunar soil will be able to produce about 51-76 kg of water, equivalent to more than a hundred 500ml bottles of water, or the daily drinking water consumption of 50 people, the state broadcaster said.
China hopes that recent and future lunar expeditions will set the foundations to build the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS), an initiative it is co-leading with Russia.
China’s space agency has set 2035 as the date by when a “basic station” on the moon’s south pole will be built, with a moon-orbiting space station added by 2045.
The announcement of the discovery comes at a time when Chinese scientists are already conducting experiments on lunar samples brought back in June by the Chang’e-6 mission.
While the Chang’e-5 mission brought back samples from the near side of the moon, Chang’e-6 retrieved lunar soil from the far side of the moon, which perpetually faces away from the Earth.
The importance of lunar water goes beyond making permanent human presence viable. NASA’s Nelson told NPR in May that water found on the moon could be used to create hydrogen rocket fuel which could fuel further space exploration to Mars and other destinations.
Science & Technology
Cloudflare outage easing after millions of internet users affected
A global outage at web-infrastructure firm Cloudflare began to ease on Tuesday afternoon after preventing people from accessing major internet platforms, including X and ChatGPT.
Cloudflare, whose network handles around a fifth of web traffic, said it started to investigate the internal service degradation around 6:40 a.m. ET. It has deployed a fix but some customers might still be impacted as it recovers service.
The incident marked the latest hit to major online services. An outage of Amazon’s cloud service last month caused global turmoil as thousands of popular websites and apps, including Snapchat, were inaccessible due to the disruption.
Cloudflare – whose shares were down about 5% in premarket trading – runs one of the world’s largest networks that helps websites and apps load faster and stay online by protecting them from traffic surges and cyberattacks.
The latest outage prevented users from accessing platforms such as Canva, X, and ChatGPT, prompting users to log outage reports with Downdetector.
Downdetector tracks outages by collating status reports from a number of sources. “We saw a spike in unusual traffic to one of Cloudflare’s services beginning at 11:20 UTC. That caused some traffic passing through Cloudflare’s network to experience errors,” the company said in an emailed statement.
“We are all hands on deck to make sure all traffic is served without errors.”
X and ChatGPT-creator OpenAI did not immediately respond to requests for comment. – REUTERS
Science & Technology
China sends its youngest astronaut to ‘Heavenly Palace’ space station
China’s Shenzhou-21 space rocket and its crew including the youngest member of its astronaut corps blasted off on Friday atop a Long March-2F rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre in northwest China, Chinese state media reported.
It was the seventh mission to the permanently inhabited Chinese space station since it was completed in 2022, Reuters reported.
Missions on China’s Shenzhou-21 spacecraft involve trios of astronauts on six-month stays in space, with veteran astronauts increasingly replaced by younger faces. First-timers Zhang Hongzhang, 39, and Wu Fei, 32 – China’s youngest astronaut to be sent to space – were picked to participate in the programme in 2020.
Commander Zhang Lu, 48, flew on the 2022 Shenzhou-15 mission.
FIRST SMALL MAMMALS ON SPACE STATION
The Shenzhou-21 astronauts will take over from the Shenzhou-20 crew who had lived and worked on board Tiangong, or “Heavenly Palace”, for more than six months. The Shenzhou-20 astronauts will return to Earth in the coming days.
The Shenzhou-21 crew were also joined by four black mice, the first small mammals to be taken to the Chinese space station. The mice will be used in experiments on reproduction in low Earth orbit.
Biannual launches have become the norm for the Shenzhou programme, which has in the past year reached new milestones with the deployment of Chinese astronauts born in the 1990s, a world-record spacewalk, and plans to train and send the first foreign astronaut, from Pakistan, to Tiangong next year.
The rapid advances have raised alarm bells in Washington, which is now racing to put a U.S. astronaut on the moon again before China does.
Both countries are also competing in nascent institution-building efforts, with the U.S.-led Artemis Accords on lunar exploration matched up against the Chinese and Russian-led International Lunar Research Station.
Science & Technology
Cyberattack disrupts Heathrow, Berlin and Brussels airports
Brussels Airport asked airlines to cut half their flights through Monday, warning of up to 140 additional cancellations.
Flight operations at three of Europe’s busiest airports were thrown into disarray over the weekend after a cyberattack struck Collins Aerospace’s MUSE software, a key system used for passenger check-in and boarding.
The attack, which began on Saturday, September 20, crippled digital services at London Heathrow, Berlin Brandenburg, and Brussels Airport, forcing airlines to revert to manual check-in and baggage handling.
Passengers faced hours-long queues, handwritten luggage tags, and widespread delays.
According to aviation analytics firm Cirium, 35 departures and 25 arrivals were cancelled on Saturday alone, with Brussels suffering the worst impact. The disruption continued into Sunday, with 38 departures and 33 arrivals cancelled across the three hubs.
Brussels Airport asked airlines to cut half their flights through Monday, warning of up to 140 additional cancellations.
Collins Aerospace, a subsidiary of RTX Corporation, said it had isolated affected systems to contain the breach, though no timeline for full restoration was given.
National cyber security agencies in the UK, Germany, and Belgium are investigating, but the nature of the attack—whether ransomware, denial-of-service, or state-backed—has not been confirmed.
While air traffic control and flight safety were not compromised, the incident underscored growing vulnerabilities in aviation technology.
Industry reports show cyberattacks on the sector surged by 600% between 2024 and 2025.
The European Commission described the disruption as “serious but not systemic,” but experts warn the incident highlights risks of overreliance on centralized digital platforms.
Airports have advised passengers to arrive at least three hours early and check airline apps for updates.
With airlines scrambling to rebook affected travelers, officials caution that knock-on delays could extend into the coming week.
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