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Rights watchdog reports hundreds killed so far during Ramadan

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The Independent Human Rights Commission (IHRC) says that during the month of Ramadan so far (April 13 to May 7), 130 security incidents were recorded resulting in 519 civilian casualties.

According to the commission, 160 people were killed and 351 others were injured in security incidents during Ramadan.

This does not however include the casualties in Saturday’s explosion in Dasht-e-Barchi in Kabul, which killed at least 63 people and wounded 187.

By adding the statistics of the victims of the explosions in the west of Kabul, the civilian death toll totals more than 220 with over 500 injured.

This comes after the Interior Ministry said, at least 243 civilians including women and children were killed and injured between April 15 and April 25 in Taliban attacks and IED explosions.

According to the ministry, in this time, the Taliban carried out six suicide bombings and detonated 62 landmines in which civilians including women and children were killed and financial losses were inflicted on the public and the government.

The MoI blamed the Taliban for the escalated violence, and in response, Afghan national defense and security forces killed key Taliban commanders and members in separate operations.

Fighting between Afghan security forces and the Taliban has also intensified in many part of the country in the past few weeks - with Helmand, Ghazni and Baghlan being the hardest hit.

Thousands of civilians have fled their homes around the Helmand capital of Lashkargar as fighting intensified around them last week.

On Wednesday, General Sami Sadat, commander of Maiwand Corps, said that the Taliban had carried out 89 attacks in different parts of Helmand province, and that all of the attacks were met by force from the Afghan security forces. He said the Taliban sustained heavy casualties.

“The morale of the Afghan forces is high and they have access to good equipment and with the available equipment they can defeat the Taliban,” Sadat added.

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Moscow meeting on Afghanistan aims to facilitate reconciliation process, expand cooperation with Kabul

Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova told a news conference that the main part of the meeting will be held behind closed doors and will be addressed by Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov.

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Russian foreign ministry said on Wednesday the priority of the sixth Moscow Format meeting was to facilitate the process of national reconciliation and expand cooperation between the regional countries and Kabul in the political, economic, counter-terrorism and anti-drug fields.

The meeting is scheduled to be held in Moscow on Friday with the participation of representatives of Russia, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Afghanistan.

Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova told a news conference that the main part of the meeting will be held behind closed doors and will be addressed by Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov.

She added that Lavrov will also meet with Acting Foreign Minister of Afghanistan, Amir Khan Muttaqi, on the sidelines of the meeting and discuss important issues related to bilateral cooperation.

Muttaqi left for Russia on Wednesday.

 

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Iranian official says Afghan carpets seriously hurting Iranian carpet market

Meanwhile, deputy of the Union of Iranian Carpet Manufacturers and Exporters, Hamid Chamanrokh, said that they had full information on carpet smuggling from origin to entry into Mashhad. He added that the goods enter Iran from the Taibad border and through a network of asphalted roads.

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An Iranian official has said Afghan carpets are seriously affecting the Iranian carpet market.

Morteza Haji Aghamiri, chairman of the Carpet, Art and Handicrafts Commission of Iran Chamber of Commerce, said at a meeting that the commission seeks to find a solution to prevent the smuggling of Afghan carpets to Iran, Mehr news agency reported.

Meanwhile, deputy of the Union of Iranian Carpet Manufacturers and Exporters, Hamid Chamanrokh, said that they had full information on carpet smuggling from origin to entry into Mashhad. He added that the goods enter Iran from the Taibad border and through a network of asphalted roads.

The deputy of the Carpet, Art and Handicrafts Commission also said at the meeting that in the past Indian carpets were used to be imported, and now it is Afghan carpets.

 

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Small rocky planet detected in orbit about nearby Barnard’s star

While this planet, orbiting very close to Barnard’s star, has a surface temperature too high to be suitable for life, the researchers found what they called “strong hints” of three other planets around Barnard’s star that might be better candidates.

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Barnard's star is a red dwarf, the smallest type of regular star and much smaller and less luminous than our sun. At about 6 light years away, it is the closest single star - one not orbiting with other stars - to our solar system. It is, in cosmic terms, in our neighborhood.

Because of this, scientists eager to study nearby potentially habitable worlds are excited by the discovery of the first confirmed planet orbiting Barnard's star, a rocky one with a mass about 40% that of Earth, Reuters reported.

While this planet, orbiting very close to Barnard's star, has a surface temperature too high to be suitable for life, the researchers found what they called "strong hints" of three other planets around Barnard's star that might be better candidates.

The confirmed planet, called Barnard b, has a predicted diameter about three-quarters that of Earth, so about 6,000 miles (9,700 km).

"It is one of the least massive planets ever found," beyond our solar system, said astronomer Jonay González Hernández of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias in Tenerife, Spain, lead author of the study published this week in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics, opens new tab.

Among planets in our solar system, only Mars and Mercury are smaller.

Barnard b, with a surface temperature around 275 degrees Fahrenheit (125 degrees Celsius), orbits Barnard's star in just three Earth days at a distance 20 times closer than our solar system's innermost planet Mercury is to the sun.

Planets beyond the solar system are called exoplanets. Scientists searching for exoplanets that possibly could harbor life look at those residing in the "habitable zone" around a star, where it is not too hot and not too cold, and liquid water can exist on the planetary surface.

The researchers used an instrument called ESPRESSO on the European Southern Observatory's Chile-based Very Large Telescope to detect this planet. The three other potential planets orbiting Barnard's star all apparently are rocky and smaller than Earth, ranging from 20-30% of Earth's mass. The hope is that at least one of these may be in the vicinity of the habitable zone.

If confirmed, this would be the only known star with a multi-planet system entirely comprised of planets smaller than Earth.

Barnard's star, in the constellation Ophiuchus, has a mass about 16% of the sun's, a diameter 19% of it and is far less hot. It also is estimated to be more than twice as old as the sun.

"Being so cold and small, it is quite faint, making its habitable zone much closer to the star than in the case of the sun," said Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias astronomer and study co-author Alejandro Suárez Mascareño. "It also is a very quiet star. While some red dwarfs have been found to flare very frequently, Barnard's star doesn't do it."

The closer that exoplanets are to us, the easier they are to study. It is easier to detect low-mass rocky planets orbiting red dwarfs, the most common type of star in our Milky Way galaxy, than around larger stars.

Only the three stars in the Alpha Centauri system, about 4 light-years away, are closer to our solar system than Barnard's star. A light-year is the distance light travels in a year, 5.9 trillion miles (9.5 trillion km). Two exoplanets have been detected in the Alpha Centauri system, both orbiting the red dwarf Proxima Centauri. One has a mass about equal to Earth's. The other is about 25% Earth's mass.

In science fiction, light speed travel is commonplace. In reality, it is far beyond human capabilities, though research projects such as Breakthrough Starshot are exploring the feasibility of interstellar travel. Barnard's star and Alpha Centauri might be on wish lists of future destinations.

"While they are very close in astronomical terms, they are out of reach for any kind of human technology. However, if projects such as the Breakthrough Starshot are successful, it is likely that these will be some of the first targets," Mascareño said.

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