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Opium cultivation declines in Afghanistan but rises in Pakistan and Iran
Opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistan has declined to around 10,200 hectares in 2025 — a 20 percent decrease compared to the previous year
Following the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan’s (IEA) nationwide ban on opium cultivation in 2022, poppy production in Afghanistan has fallen sharply. However, new reports indicate that cultivation is now spreading to neighboring Pakistan and Iran, raising regional concerns about the shifting dynamics of the narcotics trade.
According to a report by Nikkei Asia, opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistan has declined to around 10,200 hectares in 2025 — a 20 percent decrease compared to the previous year. British geospatial research firm Alcis offered a slightly higher estimate of 12,800 hectares but confirmed that cultivation levels remain dramatically lower than before the IEA ban, when more than 200,000 hectares were used for opium production.
The Afghan Ministry of Interior announced on Sunday that activities related to the cultivation, trade, and trafficking of narcotics have been “effectively reduced to zero” inside Afghanistan. Over the past year, authorities reportedly seized and destroyed nearly 200,000 kilograms of natural and synthetic drugs.
Qasim Khalid, Deputy Minister for Counter-Narcotics, said that under the previous republic government, high-ranking officials were involved in sophisticated cross-border drug networks. He added that 750 traffickers have been arrested and are currently under investigation.
While Afghanistan’s production has dropped dramatically, Alcis reports that opium cultivation has increased in Pakistan, with more than 8,000 hectares under cultivation in just two districts of Balochistan. Iran has also experienced a rise in poppy farming, driven by surging opiate prices and growing demand for cheaper local supplies.
Experts warn that ongoing economic hardship, political uncertainty, and the large-scale return of Afghan refugees from neighboring countries could once again make opium cultivation an attractive livelihood for struggling rural communities. The UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) noted that “intensified competition for scarce jobs and resources could make opium poppy cultivation more appealing for many families.”
Analysts further caution that deteriorating relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan, coupled with the recent deadlock in Istanbul talks, may increase the risk of a regional resurgence in the narcotics trade, undermining progress made since the Islamic Emirate’s 2022 ban.
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Pakistan welcomes US offer to facilitate dialogue with Afghanistan, while Kabul rejects Islamabad’s allegations
US Secretary of State Marco Rubio, who expressed Washington’s willingness to play a constructive role in reducing tensions between Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Pakistan has welcomed a US offer to facilitate dialogue between Islamabad and Kabul, expressing readiness to support diplomatic efforts by Washington and other friendly countries to ease tensions between the two neighbouring nations.
According to Pakistan’s Foreign Ministry, meaningful negotiations with Afghanistan would require clear commitments and practical, verifiable action by the Islamic Emirate authorities against militant groups allegedly operating from Afghan territory.
The Pakistani official specifically referred to the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), the Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) and other armed groups, describing action against them as a key condition for progress in bilateral talks.
However, the Islamic Emirate has rejected Pakistan’s allegations, maintaining that no armed groups are present in Afghanistan and that Afghan territory is not being used against any country, particularly neighbouring states.
The developments follow remarks by US Secretary of State Marco Rubio, who expressed Washington’s willingness to play a constructive role in reducing tensions between Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Pakistan says it remains committed to constructive engagement with Kabul but insists that dialogue must address Islamabad’s security concerns.
Meanwhile, the Islamic Emirate maintains that Pakistan’s security challenges are internal matters and that responsibility for resolving them should not be placed on Afghanistan.
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Afghan PM accepts credentials of Belarusian ambassador
Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi and Mullah Abdul Wasi, director general of the Office of the Prime Minister, also attended the ceremony.
Mullah Mohammad Hassan Akhund, prime minister of the Islamic Emirate, has received the credentials of Aleksandr Ogorodnikov, Belarus’ non-resident ambassador and special envoy to Afghanistan, during a ceremony at the Arg in Kabul.
Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi and Mullah Abdul Wasi, director general of the Office of the Prime Minister, also attended the ceremony. The two sides discussed expanding political, economic and transit relations between Afghanistan and Belarus.
Akhund described the start of the ambassador’s mission as a sign of a new chapter in relations between the two countries and expressed hope that his appointment would further strengthen political, economic and transit cooperation between Kabul and Minsk. He said Afghanistan was ready for comprehensive cooperation in these areas.
For his part, Ogorodnikov expressed satisfaction with the start of his mission in Afghanistan and said Belarus planned to increase trade with Afghanistan in the fields of agriculture, food products and pharmaceuticals.
He also said recent visits by various Islamic Emirate delegations to Belarus had helped strengthen trust and expand bilateral relations.
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36 Afghans among 38 migrants rescued off Dutch coast; two Sudanese arrested
The migrants were rescued on Saturday after their rubber boat, which had no functioning engine, was found drifting off the Dutch coast.
Dutch authorities have confirmed that 36 of the 38 men rescued from a stranded rubber boat off the coast of Cadzand in Zeeland are Afghan nationals, while two Sudanese men have been arrested on suspicion of human smuggling.
The migrants were rescued on Saturday after their rubber boat, which had no functioning engine, was found drifting off the Dutch coast.
Following the rescue, the vessel was towed to Cadzand, where all 38 men were brought ashore. The two Sudanese nationals were subsequently arrested as part of an investigation into suspected human smuggling.
The 36 Afghan nationals are currently being held in temporary custody at the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee facility in Hoogerheide, in the Brabant-Oost region.
Authorities are working to establish their identities and determine whether they intend to seek asylum in the Netherlands.
The Marechaussee is leading the operation, with support from the Royal Netherlands Sea Rescue Institution (KNRM) and the Dutch Coast Guard.
The vessel was reportedly a Zodiac-type inflatable boat, commonly used in migrant crossings. However, authorities have not disclosed where the boat originated or its intended destination.
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