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SIGAR finds single key factor to ANDSF collapse was withdrawal of US troops

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The United States’ Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction (SIGAR) has found that the single most important factor behind the Afghan National Defense and Security Force’s (ANDSF) collapse in August last year was the US’ decision to withdraw military forces and contractors from Afghanistan.

This decision was taken after the US signed an agreement in February 2020, under former president Donald Trumps administration, with the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (IEA) – an agreement adhered to by President Joe Biden.

In their latest report, SIGAR stated that due to the ANDSF’s dependency on US military forces, these events destroyed ANDSF morale.

The ANDSF had long relied on the US military’s presence to protect against large-scale ANDSF losses, and Afghan troops saw the United States as a means of holding their government accountable for paying their salaries.

The US-IEA agreement made it clear that this was no longer the case, resulting in a sense of abandonment within the ANDSF and the Afghan population, SIGAR reported.

The agreement set in motion a series of events crucial to understanding the ANDSF’s collapse, SIGAR stated.

Among those included a drop in the number of US airstrikes; the fact that ANDSF remained reliant on the US military, especially as “the United States designed the ANDSF as a mirror image of US forces.

“This created long-term ANDSF dependencies. The United States created a combined arms military structure that required a high degree of professional military sophistication and leadership,” SIGAR stated adding that the ANDSF had stockpiles of US-provided weapons and supplies, but did not have the logistics capabilities to move these items quickly enough to meet operational demands and had to rely on a thinly-stretched Afghan Air Force to do so.

“As a result, ANDSF units complained that they did not have enough ammunition, food, water, or other military equipment to sustain military engagements against the Taliban (IEA).

“Additionally, the Afghan government failed to develop a national security strategy and plan for nationwide security following the withdrawal of US forces,” SIGAR stated adding that instead, former president Ashraf Ghani frequently changed ANDSF leaders and appointed loyalists, while marginalizing well-trained ANDSF officers aligned with the United States.

The constant turnover weakened military chains of command, trust, and morale in the ANDSF. “Young, welltrained, educated, and professional ANDSF officers who grew up under US tutelage were marginalized and their ties to the U.S. became a liability.”

SIGAR also stated that the United States created more long-term dependencies by providing the ANDSF with advanced military equipment that they could not sustain and that required a US military or contractor presence and that the US lacked any real way to measure the ANDSF’s development.

“The metrics DOD used were inconsistent and unable to measure the development of ANDSF capabilities and capacities over time,” SIGAR stated.

SIGAR also stated that while ANDSF members have either left Afghanistan, or are in hiding, there are those who “have joined extremist groups in Afghanistan.”

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Afghanistan is facing a propaganda war, says Mujahid

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The Islamic Emirate’s spokesperson Zabihullah Mujahid says Afghanistan is confronting a propaganda war, stating that intelligence circles from several major and powerful countries are spending heavily through various channels to distort the positive efforts of the Islamic Emirate and portray the situation as hopeless for the people.

Mujahid made these remarks in an interview with Ariana News.

“Afghanistan is facing a propaganda war. Intelligence agencies of major countries and powers are attempting to launch extensive propaganda campaigns through strong media channels, misrepresenting positive developments as negative, sowing discord, disheartening the people, and disregarding progress,” Mujahid added.

In response to global concerns over increasing restrictions on women and girls, he said that women’s rights in Afghanistan are “more secure than ever,” asserting that any existing limitations are based on Islamic Sharia.

He also confirmed that US financial aid packages to Afghanistan continue, though their scale has diminished.

He, however, clarified that these funds do not belong to the IEA and are instead allocated as humanitarian aid through relief organizations.

“This money is sent to support institutions, and the US collaborates with them as a donor. Yes, the funds are flowing, but I believe the amount has decreased. Let me reiterate: this money does not go to the Afghan government, nor is it used for the country’s reconstruction. It is purely humanitarian aid, which has been ongoing for years,” he added.

In this interview, Mujahid also accused Pakistan of supporting Daesh, saying that Islamabad provides safe havens for the group in the Mastung region, from where Daesh organizes attacks against other nations, particularly Afghanistan.

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No solution to terrorism without talks with Afghanistan: Gandapur

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Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Chief Minister Ali Amin Gandapur on Wednesday reiterated that a solution to terrorism cannot be found without engaging in talks with Afghanistan.

“We have sent the Terms of Reference (TORs) for talks with Afghanistan to the federal government but despite repeated reminders, no response has been received. Terrorism is not just an issue for our province but for the entire country,” he told reporters, according to Pakistan’s The News International.

He said that the Afghan government had agreed to negotiations, and a committee was formed to determine the course of action. However, Pakistan’s federal government had not responded despite repeated reminders. He expressed confusion over the decision-making process of those sitting in Islamabad, saying that they did not care about Pakistan.

He urged the federal government to take the provincial government’s recommendations seriously and respond to the TORs they sent, as terrorism was a national issue. He warned that if the issue of terrorism was not taken seriously, it could spread to the entire country.

Pakistani officials have repeatedly claimed that attacks in the country are planned in Afghanistan.

The Islamic Emirate, however, has rejected the claim and has said that Afghanistan is not responsible for Pakistan’s “security failure”.

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Abdul Kabir urges ‘humane treatment’ of Afghan refugees in Pakistan, Iran

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Noting that the mistreatment of Afghan refugees has increased in Pakistan and Iran recently, Acting Minister of Refugees and Repatriation Maulawi Abdul Kabir has called on the neighboring countries to respect international laws in this regard.

Maulawi Abdul Kabir, in separate meetings with diplomatic representatives of Pakistan and Iran in Kabul, called these countries friends of Afghanistan and urged “humane and Islamic treatment” of refugees.

He pointed out that the Islamic Emirate will encourage Afghan refugees to return to the country, but due to unfavorable conditions inside Afghanistan, the hosting countries should act based on an organized and gradual mechanism instead of forced deportation.

He stressed that it will be difficult for Afghan refugees to return by the end of June, because they cannot collect all their belongings in a short period of time.

He asked the host countries to give time to the refugees and hold bilateral and trilateral meetings in this regard.

Maulawi Abdul Kabir also said that the closure of Torkham crossing, war and violence is not the solution, rather dialogue should be chosen.

He emphasized that thousands of passengers, patients, dead bodies and goods have been stranded on both sides of Torkham crossing.

Meanwhile, Ubaid Ur Rahman Nizamani, the Charge d’affaires of Pakistan for Afghanistan, said that the future of Pakistan is linked to Afghanistan, that is why it does not use the Afghan refugees as a political tool, but wants to solve the problems through dialogue, according to a statement issued by the Afghan Ministry of Refugees and Repatriation.

Acting Ambassador of Iran Alireza Bekdeli also said that Tehran would help legal refugees, but there needs to be a permanent solution for the problem of illegal refugees.

He added that considering the good relations between Afghanistan and Iran, it is necessary that both countries jointly take necessary measures to solve the problems of Afghan refugees.

The Iranian diplomat praised the decree of the leader of the Islamic Emirate regarding the prevention of human trafficking and said that this move will strengthen cooperation between the two countries.

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