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SIGAR report shows shortcomings in some US programs for Afghan women
Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction (SIGAR) stated in a report released Thursday that despite hundreds of millions of dollars spent on efforts to support Afghan women and girls since 2002, some programs were designed on assumptions that proved to be ill-suited to the Afghan context.
In the Lessons Learned report, SIGAR head John F. Sopko stated that the shortcomings were found in an examination of 24 US gender-related programs.
“Some programs were designed based on assumptions that proved to be
ill-suited to the Afghan context and the challenges that women and girls faced.
“We found that establishing a correlation between program activities and related outcomes was not always possible, and in many cases, insufficient monitoring and evaluation of program activities made it impossible to assess the programs’ actual impacts,” he said.
The report stated that it is critical that US officials working on or in Afghanistan develop a more nuanced understanding of gender roles and relations in the Afghan cultural context - and work to ensure that US policies and programs are responsive to this context.
“US agencies also need to assess how to support women and girls without provoking backlash that might endanger them or stall progress,” read the report.
Sopko however pointed out that despite some shortcomings the importance of US backing for Afghan women’s rights should not be underestimated.
Almost $800 million has been spent in direct support of Afghan women and enormous progress has been made since 2002, including in the fields of health care and education.
The report stated meanwhile that “US and international diplomatic pressure can be instrumental in advancing women’s legal rights and participation in public life - in politics, government, media, and civil society.”
The report also noted that educating Afghan men and boys about gender equality issues and working with them as partners and advocates are critical to advancing women’s status and rights in Afghanistan.
“It is crucial that more women assume leadership positions in a wider range of Afghan government ministries, including at the cabinet level,” read the report.
However, the report stated that “US efforts to improve the lives of women and girls will continue to be constrained by significant barriers, especially insecurity and harmful sociocultural norms.”
In its recommendations to the US Congress, SIGAR suggested the current funding levels for Afghan women to improve access to health and education need to be preserved but that it be conditions-based so the Afghan government demonstrates its commitment to protecting the rights of women.
Among other recommendations made, SIGAR said the US Department of Defense also needs to spend between $10 million and $20 million a year to recruit and retain women in the military forces.
Among a list of other recommendations, SIGAR stated the US also needs to continue to support protective shelters for women and girls fleeing abuse, and increase mentorship and support to the Afghan National Police’s Family Response Units.
SIGAR also listed a host of recommendations for USAID with regards to protecting and empowering Afghan women. SIGAR stated the USAID administrator should ensure that job skills training for Afghan women are designed to be practical and responsive to market needs, and that the agency assesses the degree to which training expands participants’ knowledge and skills.
Reacting to this report, Chargé d’Affaires Ross Wilson said on Tuesday that the US’s commitment to Afghan women is steadfast.
“From 2002 to 2020, we invested over $785mln to improve outcomes in health, education, political/economic participation & access to justice for Afghan women,” he said.
“But our work was not without lessons learned - nor is it complete. Women worldwide are disproportionately affected by poverty, insecurity & harassment. Afghan women face formidable cultural, social, political & security barriers in exercising their constitutional rights,” he tweeted.
“Afghan men must also be champions of this critical issue; their future depends on full female representation so that Afghanistan might advance the gains and accelerate towards a more prosperous future,” Wilson stated.
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Moscow meeting on Afghanistan aims to facilitate reconciliation process, expand cooperation with Kabul
Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova told a news conference that the main part of the meeting will be held behind closed doors and will be addressed by Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov.
Russian foreign ministry said on Wednesday the priority of the sixth Moscow Format meeting was to facilitate the process of national reconciliation and expand cooperation between the regional countries and Kabul in the political, economic, counter-terrorism and anti-drug fields.
The meeting is scheduled to be held in Moscow on Friday with the participation of representatives of Russia, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Afghanistan.
Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova told a news conference that the main part of the meeting will be held behind closed doors and will be addressed by Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov.
She added that Lavrov will also meet with Acting Foreign Minister of Afghanistan, Amir Khan Muttaqi, on the sidelines of the meeting and discuss important issues related to bilateral cooperation.
Muttaqi left for Russia on Wednesday.
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Iranian official says Afghan carpets seriously hurting Iranian carpet market
Meanwhile, deputy of the Union of Iranian Carpet Manufacturers and Exporters, Hamid Chamanrokh, said that they had full information on carpet smuggling from origin to entry into Mashhad. He added that the goods enter Iran from the Taibad border and through a network of asphalted roads.
An Iranian official has said Afghan carpets are seriously affecting the Iranian carpet market.
Morteza Haji Aghamiri, chairman of the Carpet, Art and Handicrafts Commission of Iran Chamber of Commerce, said at a meeting that the commission seeks to find a solution to prevent the smuggling of Afghan carpets to Iran, Mehr news agency reported.
Meanwhile, deputy of the Union of Iranian Carpet Manufacturers and Exporters, Hamid Chamanrokh, said that they had full information on carpet smuggling from origin to entry into Mashhad. He added that the goods enter Iran from the Taibad border and through a network of asphalted roads.
The deputy of the Carpet, Art and Handicrafts Commission also said at the meeting that in the past Indian carpets were used to be imported, and now it is Afghan carpets.
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Small rocky planet detected in orbit about nearby Barnard’s star
While this planet, orbiting very close to Barnard’s star, has a surface temperature too high to be suitable for life, the researchers found what they called “strong hints” of three other planets around Barnard’s star that might be better candidates.
Barnard's star is a red dwarf, the smallest type of regular star and much smaller and less luminous than our sun. At about 6 light years away, it is the closest single star - one not orbiting with other stars - to our solar system. It is, in cosmic terms, in our neighborhood.
Because of this, scientists eager to study nearby potentially habitable worlds are excited by the discovery of the first confirmed planet orbiting Barnard's star, a rocky one with a mass about 40% that of Earth, Reuters reported.
While this planet, orbiting very close to Barnard's star, has a surface temperature too high to be suitable for life, the researchers found what they called "strong hints" of three other planets around Barnard's star that might be better candidates.
The confirmed planet, called Barnard b, has a predicted diameter about three-quarters that of Earth, so about 6,000 miles (9,700 km).
"It is one of the least massive planets ever found," beyond our solar system, said astronomer Jonay González Hernández of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias in Tenerife, Spain, lead author of the study published this week in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics, opens new tab.
Among planets in our solar system, only Mars and Mercury are smaller.
Barnard b, with a surface temperature around 275 degrees Fahrenheit (125 degrees Celsius), orbits Barnard's star in just three Earth days at a distance 20 times closer than our solar system's innermost planet Mercury is to the sun.
Planets beyond the solar system are called exoplanets. Scientists searching for exoplanets that possibly could harbor life look at those residing in the "habitable zone" around a star, where it is not too hot and not too cold, and liquid water can exist on the planetary surface.
The researchers used an instrument called ESPRESSO on the European Southern Observatory's Chile-based Very Large Telescope to detect this planet. The three other potential planets orbiting Barnard's star all apparently are rocky and smaller than Earth, ranging from 20-30% of Earth's mass. The hope is that at least one of these may be in the vicinity of the habitable zone.
If confirmed, this would be the only known star with a multi-planet system entirely comprised of planets smaller than Earth.
Barnard's star, in the constellation Ophiuchus, has a mass about 16% of the sun's, a diameter 19% of it and is far less hot. It also is estimated to be more than twice as old as the sun.
"Being so cold and small, it is quite faint, making its habitable zone much closer to the star than in the case of the sun," said Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias astronomer and study co-author Alejandro Suárez Mascareño. "It also is a very quiet star. While some red dwarfs have been found to flare very frequently, Barnard's star doesn't do it."
The closer that exoplanets are to us, the easier they are to study. It is easier to detect low-mass rocky planets orbiting red dwarfs, the most common type of star in our Milky Way galaxy, than around larger stars.
Only the three stars in the Alpha Centauri system, about 4 light-years away, are closer to our solar system than Barnard's star. A light-year is the distance light travels in a year, 5.9 trillion miles (9.5 trillion km). Two exoplanets have been detected in the Alpha Centauri system, both orbiting the red dwarf Proxima Centauri. One has a mass about equal to Earth's. The other is about 25% Earth's mass.
In science fiction, light speed travel is commonplace. In reality, it is far beyond human capabilities, though research projects such as Breakthrough Starshot are exploring the feasibility of interstellar travel. Barnard's star and Alpha Centauri might be on wish lists of future destinations.
"While they are very close in astronomical terms, they are out of reach for any kind of human technology. However, if projects such as the Breakthrough Starshot are successful, it is likely that these will be some of the first targets," Mascareño said.
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