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Over 250,000 Afghan refugees return home from Pakistan and Iran in April
Many refugees who have returned from Pakistan have had to leave mostly everything behind, including houses, businesses and possessions.
More than 250,000 Afghan refugees returned home from neighboring Pakistan and Iran in April, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) reported late Sunday.
“Among them are women and girls, who face an uncertain future with restrictions on education, jobs and freedom of movement. Any returns must be voluntary, safe and dignified,” the UNHCR said in a post on X.
Nearly seven million Afghan refugees are living outside the country – a large percentage of whom live in Pakistan and Iran.
Last year, the Pakistani government said it would expel as many as three million Afghans this year. Iran have also called on undocumented Afghans living in the country to return home.
However, with the high levels of poverty and unemployment in Afghanistan, the returning refugees are in urgent need of assistance.
Many refugees who have returned from Pakistan have had to leave mostly everything behind, including houses, businesses and possessions.
Transit camps have been set up at the border crossings to accommodate the return refugees, and international organizations, along with the Islamic Emirate, have been striving to ease the return of the refugees as much as possible.
However, funding cuts in humanitarian assistance has had a huge impact on the level of assistance that organizations can provide.
Urgent funding appeal
Last week, the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) warned that an even deeper humanitarian crisis is looming in Afghanistan as tens of thousands of Afghan refugees return from neighbouring countries.
UNHCR spokesperson Babar Baloch said that the agency urgently needs $71 million to assist those arriving home. Baloch said these refugees face desperate conditions once in the country.
In April, more than 251,000 Afghans returned in adverse circumstances from Iran and Pakistan, including over 96,000 who were deported, Baloch said.
He said the UNHCR continues to advocate with the governments of Iran and Pakistan that returns to Afghanistan must be voluntary, safe and dignified. “Forcing or putting pressure on Afghans to return is unsustainable and could destabilize the region,” he said.
“While UNHCR recognizes the many challenges – including economic pressures – facing these countries that have hosted millions of Afghans for decades, we have also consistently shared our concerns that regardless of their legal status, people forced to return to Afghanistan may encounter serious protection risks,” Baloch said.
Since 2023, more than 3.4 million Afghans have returned or been deported from Iran and Pakistan, including over 1.5 million in 2024 alone.
The UNHCR said such mass returns have strained the capacity of many provinces in Afghanistan and exacerbated the risk of further internal displacement.
The organization also warned that there has been new displacement into Iran and Pakistan, and heightened risks of onward movements towards Europe.
In 2024, Afghans became the largest group (41 percent) of irregular arrivals from the Asia-Pacific region into Europe.
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Iranian naval commander Alireza Tangsiri killed in attack, says Israel
Israel says it has killed Alireza Tangsiri, the commander of the naval arm of Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, in a targeted air strike.
In a video statement, Israeli Defense Minister Israel Katz said the attack was carried out “last night, in a precise and lethal operation,” and also struck other senior naval officers.
Katz claimed Tangsiri had been directly responsible for operations targeting shipping in the Strait of Hormuz, including mining activities aimed at disrupting maritime traffic.
The reported killing comes amid an ongoing conflict between Israel and Iran that began on February 28, with Israel announcing a series of high-profile assassinations of Iranian officials. Those claims have included the deaths of Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and senior political figure Ali Larijani.
However, Iranian authorities have not yet confirmed Tangsiri’s death. Reporting from Tehran, Al Jazeera correspondent Tohid Asadi said that if confirmed, the killing would mark another significant blow to Iran’s military leadership, which has faced repeated strikes since the conflict escalated.
Other figures reportedly killed in recent attacks include Gholamreza Soleimani, head of the Basij paramilitary forces, and Intelligence Minister Esmail Khatib.
In parallel, Israeli forces have intensified operations against Iranian naval capabilities. Recent strikes have reportedly targeted ships and support vessels, including missile-equipped craft, in the Caspian Sea.
Iran has yet to issue a comprehensive response to the latest claims.
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Tajikistan shifts stance on Afghanistan amid rising border tensions
Earlier this month, Tajik lawmakers approved a $57 million deal for China to finance and build nine new border posts, underscoring Beijing’s expanding role in regional security.
A surge in violence along the Tajikistan–Afghanistan border is prompting Tajikistan to recalibrate its policy toward Afghanistan, combining tighter security measures with cautious diplomatic engagement.
Earlier this month, Tajik lawmakers approved a $57 million deal for China to finance and build nine new border posts, underscoring Beijing’s expanding role in regional security.
The move follows a series of deadly incidents, including attacks that killed five Chinese nationals and clashes with smugglers that left several Afghan civilians and Tajik guards dead.
The violence reflects growing instability along the rugged frontier, much of it tracing the Panj River, with armed incidents rising sharply and drug seizures increasing significantly, according to Tajik authorities.
Alongside bolstering border infrastructure, Dushanbe is stepping up engagement with the Islamic Emirate. Recent months have seen unprecedented high-level contacts, including calls and meetings between Amir Khan Muttaqi and Sirojiddin Muhriddin, as well as talks with Tajik envoy Sadi Sharifi.
Once a staunch critic of the Islamic Emirate, Tajikistan’s President Emomali Rahmon’s government is gradually adopting a more pragmatic approach. Since the reopening of border markets in 2023, trade and security contacts have quietly expanded, with officials now openly acknowledging cooperation on energy and border security.
Analysts say the shift reflects a mix of rising security threats, regional pressure from partners like China and Russia, and the reality that the Islamic Emirate remain firmly in control in Kabul. While China funds infrastructure and Russia continues to support military training, experts describe the arrangement as a “division of labor” rather than a shift in regional influence.
Despite lingering concerns, observers note a clear warming in ties between Dushanbe and Kabul, driven as much by necessity as by strategy.
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Torkham crossing reopens for returning Afghan migrants
According to reports, the reopening has allowed the flow of Afghan returnees from Pakistan to resume, with many families entering Afghanistan through the crossing.
The Torkham border crossing was reopened on Thursday at 2 p.m. for Afghan migrants returning to the country after nearly a month of closure.
According to reports, the reopening has allowed the flow of Afghan returnees from Pakistan to resume, with many families entering Afghanistan through the crossing.
Torkham is considered one of the most important crossing gateways between Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Its closure had created significant challenges for migrants and disrupted crossing movement.
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