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Scientists find dinosaur ancestors ‘may have been tiny’

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Last Updated on: October 25, 2022

Dinosaurs are usually thought of as these giant creatures, but the results of new research released this week outline a different view and find that they might have actually started out small.

This evidence comes from newly described fossils found on Madagascar island, off the east coast of Africa, which indicates the creatures lived about 237 million years ago and stood just 10cm tall.

Scientists say the specimen may also help clarify the origins of pterosaurs, which were winged dinosaurs that ruled the skies during the time of dinosaurs.

Co-author of the research study, Christian Kammerer, from the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences told Science Daily this week that “there’s a general perception of dinosaurs as being giants.”

“But this new animal is very close to the divergence of dinosaurs and pterosaurs, and it’s shockingly small,” she said.

The specimen, named Kongonaphon kely, or “tiny bug slayer”, was found in 1998 in Madagascar by a team of paleontologists, led by John Flynn from the American Museum of Natural History in New York.

Dinosaurs and pterosaurs both belong to the group Ornithodira. Their origins, however, are poorly known, as few specimens from near the root of this lineage have been found.

The description and analysis of this fossil and its relatives, published on Tuesday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, may help explain the origins of flight in pterosaurs, the presence of “fuzz” on the skin of both pterosaurs and dinosaurs, and other questions about these charismatic animals.

“This fossil site in southwestern Madagascar from a poorly known time interval globally has produced some amazing fossils, and this tiny specimen was jumbled in among the hundreds we’ve collected from the site over the years,” Flynn said.

“It took some time before we could focus on these bones, but once we did, it was clear we had something unique and worth a closer look. This is a great case for why field discoveries — combined with modern technology to analyze the fossils recovered — is still so important.”

“Discovery of this tiny relative of dinosaurs and pterosaurs emphasizes the importance of Madagascar’s fossil record for improving knowledge of vertebrate history during times that are poorly known in other places,” project co-leader Lovasoa Ranivoharimanana, professor and director of the vertebrate paleontology laboratory at the University of Antananarivo in Madagascar told Science Daily.

“Over two decades, our collaborative Madagascar-US teams have trained many Malagasy students in paleontological sciences, and discoveries like this helps people in Madagascar and around the world better appreciate the exceptional record of ancient life preserved in the rocks of our country.”

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Afghanistan welcomes Ramazan; authorities emphasize security and support for citizens

The United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) released a statement congratulating the people of Afghanistan and highlighting the values of solidarity, compassion, and peace during this sacred month.

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Afghanistan on Wednesday marked the first day of the holy month of Ramazan and several other countries, with various institutions and officials extending their congratulations to the public.

The United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) released a statement congratulating the people of Afghanistan and highlighting the values of solidarity, compassion, and peace during this sacred month.

The UN Development Programme representative emphasized that the organization will continue supporting families to ensure access to essential services such as water, energy, healthcare, and protection against natural disasters.

Former Chief Executive and head of the National Reconciliation Council, Abdullah Abdullah, expressed hope that this Ramazan would serve as a catalyst for positive change, fostering lasting peace, security, and prosperity across Afghanistan.

The Ministry of Interior also issued a statement assuring citizens that Afghan security forces are fully prepared to safeguard the public, allowing worshippers to observe Ramazan and carry out daily activities in a safe and peaceful environment.

 

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IEA releases three Pakistani soldiers to mark Ramadan

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The spokesperson of the Islamic Emirate Zabihullah Mujahid announced on Wednesday that three Pakistani soldiers, who had been captured by Afghan forces on October 12, 2025, during clashes with Pakistani forces, were released to mark the month of Ramadan. The soldiers were handed over to a Saudi delegation.

According to Mujahid, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, based on a policy emphasizing the maintenance of positive relations with all countries, responded positively to Saudi Arabia’s request and, on the occasion of hosting the negotiating delegation that arrived in Kabul last Monday, released the three Pakistani soldiers.

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Grateful to Afghans and Ulama for obeying the Islamic Emirate, says Hibatullah Akhundzada

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Sheikh Hibatullah Akhundzada, the leader of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (IEA), in a speech to the scholars of the districts of Kandahar, expressed gratitude to the scholars of Afghanistan and to the people for obeying the Islamic Emirate.

According to a statement released by Hamdullah Fitrat, Deputy Spokesperson of the Islamic Emirate, Akhundzada said in his speech that the ulama are leaders and guides of the Ummah in matters of Sharia.

Akhundzada emphasized that the entire Ummah and the emirs are obligated to obey the scholars in matters of Sharia, seek guidance from them, and consult with them on religious issues.

“Encourage people to (practice) unity, obey one another, and consult among yourselves. The system is built by you and can also be harmed by you. If you remain vigilant, this system will endure. Strive to eliminate the customs and practices of ignorance, do not be negligent, and officials must be attentive to their responsibility’s day and night, without wasting time on futile matters. Do not covet worldly rank and status. Your benefit lies in obedience; do not show favoritism in obedience. Promote a spirit of obedience among the people, because through obedience, unity is created and your community becomes strong,” Akhundzada added.

Akhundzada stated: “Islam and Sharia have been preserved by the ulama and will continue to be preserved. At all times, efforts have been made to weaken religion and Islam, and attempts have been made to distort Sharia rulings, which continue even today to divert people from the right path. However, the ulama have prevented distortion, alteration, and changes in Sharia. At various times, they have written books and treaties and enlightened the minds of the people. The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, also confronted such actions and defended Islam against the Jews.”

He added: “Allah Almighty has placed a heavy responsibility on the ulama. If the scholars have strong determination and resolve, many evils will be removed from society. If we explain the harmful consequences of vices from the pulpit and in such gatherings, and teach the people Sharia rulings, many people will be reformed. Since people are believers and Muslims, preventing vices is the responsibility of the ulama. The people of Afghanistan are pious; they have given testimony in defense of Islam, borne wounds, endured prisons, and suffered various hardships. It is the responsibility of the ulama to prevent sedition, reform the minds and morals of the people, and prevent corruption.”

The leader of the Islamic Emirate stressed: “The survival, success, and preservation of the Islamic system depend on religious knowledge. One of the most important responsibilities of the Islamic system is to promote religious knowledge so that it spreads and people become aware of religion, Islam, and Sharia. Therefore, the ulama must convey religious knowledge to the people.”

At the end of the speech, according to the statement, all the ulama renewed their pledge of allegiance to the leader of the Islamic Emirate and promised that they would remain steadfast supporters of his leadership and the Sharia-based system.

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