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India and China are partners, not rivals, Modi and Xi say

Xi said that China and India are each other’s development opportunities rather than threats, Chinese state news agency Xinhua reported.

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India and China are development partners, not rivals, Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping agreed on Sunday, as they discussed ways to improve trade ties amid global tariff uncertainty, Reuters reported.

Modi is in China for the first time in seven years to attend a two-day meeting of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation regional security bloc, along with Russian President Vladimir Putin and leaders from Iran, Pakistan and four Central Asian states in a show of Global South solidarity.

Analysts say Xi and Modi are seeking to align against pressure from the West, days after U.S. President Donald Trump imposed a punitive total of 50% tariff on Indian goods, partly in response to New Delhi’s purchase of Russian oil.

Trump’s moves hurt decades of carefully cultivated U.S. ties with New Delhi, which Washington had hoped would act as a regional counterweight to Beijing.

Modi told Xi his country was committed to improving ties with China and discussed reducing India’s burgeoning bilateral trade deficit of nearly $99.2 billion, while emphasising the need to maintain peace and stability at their disputed border after a clash in 2020 triggered a five-year military standoff.

“We are committed to progressing our relations based on mutual respect, trust and sensitivities,” Modi said during the meeting on the sidelines of the summit, according to a video posted on his official X account.

He said an atmosphere of “peace and stability” has been created on their disputed Himalayan border and that cooperation between the two nations was linked to the interests of 2.8 billion people of the world’s two most populous countries.

The nuclear-armed Asian neighbours share a 3,800 km (2,400 miles) border that is poorly demarcated and has been disputed since the 1950s.

Xi said that China and India are each other’s development opportunities rather than threats, Chinese state news agency Xinhua reported.

“We must … not let the border issue define the overall China-India relationship,” Xinhua reported Xi as saying.

China-India ties could be “stable and far-reaching” if both sides focus on viewing each other as partners instead of rivals, Xi added.

Ties between the nations were ruptured by the 2020 clash, in which 20 Indian and four Chinese soldiers died in hand-to-hand combat, following which the Himalayan border was heavily militarised by both sides.

Indian Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri told reporters later in the day in that the border situation had evolved over the course of last year, following a patrolling agreement in October. “The situation at the border is moving towards normalisation,” he said.

To a question on the U.S. tariffs, he said that Modi and Xi discussed the international “economic situation” and the challenges it created.

“They tried to … see how to leverage that for building greater understanding between themselves and how to … take forward the economic and commercial relationship between India and China,” he said.

The leaders also discussed expanding common ground on bilateral, regional, and global issues, and challenges like terrorism and fair trade in multilateral platforms, a statement from the Indian foreign ministry said.

Both leaders had a breakthrough meeting in Russia last year after reaching a border patrol agreement, setting off a tentative thaw in ties that has accelerated in recent weeks as New Delhi seeks to hedge against renewed tariff threats from Washington, read the report.

Direct flights between both nations, which have been suspended since 2020, are being resumed, Modi added, without providing a timeframe.

China had agreed to lift export curbs on rare earths, fertilisers and tunnel boring machines this month during a key visit to India by China’s Foreign Minister Wang Yi.

China opposes Washington’s steep tariffs on India and will “firmly stand with India,” Chinese Ambassador to India Xu Feihong said this month.

In recent months, China has allowed Indian pilgrims to visit Hindu and Buddhist sites in Tibet, and both countries have lifted reciprocal tourist visa restrictions.

“I see the meeting as a step in the direction of incremental improvement. The readouts indicate a lot of mixed political signalling … But there’s also a sense of the need to stabilise the relationship in the context of broader geopolitical currents,” said Manoj Kewalramani, a Sino-Indian relations expert at the Takshashila Institution think tank in Bengaluru.

Other long-term irritants remain in the relationship, too.

China is India’s largest bilateral trade partner, but the long-running trade deficit – a persistent source of frustration for Indian officials – reached a record $99.2 billion this year.

Meanwhile, a planned Chinese mega-dam in Tibet has sparked fears of mass water diversion that could reduce water flows on the major Brahmaputra River by up to 85% in the dry season, according to Indian government estimates, Reuters reported.

India also hosts the Dalai Lama, the exiled Tibetan Buddhist spiritual leader whom Beijing views as a dangerous separatist influence. India’s arch-rival Pakistan also benefits from staunch Chinese economic, diplomatic and military support.

Regional

Flames, smoke seen near Riyadh airport; Houthis claim attacks on Saudi capital

The Saudi-led military ⁠coalition fighting the Houthis said its air defences had destroyed a missile fired by the Yemeni group toward Riyadh early on Saturday.

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Yemen’s Houthis said they attacked “sensitive” sites in the Saudi capital Riyadh on Saturday with missiles and drones, hours after flames and a large ​plume of smoke were seen near the city’s main airport.

Saudi Arabia had sent alerts overnight warning of potential danger around Riyadh, amid an escalation in attacks ‌by the Houthis in the kingdom, Reuters reported.

Reuters video and photographs showed a huge pillar of black smoke rising in the area, with the airport highway, main terminal building and other facilities in the foreground. At one point in the video, flames were visible rising from behind what appeared to be fuel tanks.

While the Iranian-backed Houthis have launched repeated attacks against Saudi Arabia since July, Saturday’s claim appeared to be their first reported strike on Riyadh since ​the current escalation began.

The Houthis did not specify what they had targeted in Riyadh, but said they had also attacked an Aramco facility in the Red Sea city of ​Yanbu, a key Saudi oil export hub.

They said the operation came as a response to an attack in the Yemeni capital Sanaa.

The Saudi-led military ⁠coalition fighting the Houthis said its air defences had destroyed a missile fired by the Yemeni group toward Riyadh early on Saturday.

In a statement, the coalition also said it had foiled ​attacks targeting civilians in the Saudi cities of Bish and Farasan in the southwest and Taif in the west, as well as Yanbu on the Red Sea coast. It did not say whether ​there was any damage.

Saudi civil defence sent the alerts by phone overnight for potential danger of aerial attacks in Riyadh and the city of Al-Kharj east of the capital, before issuing an all-clear on Saturday morning. A Reuters journalist in Riyadh’s Olaya area heard booms before the all-clear was sent.

Although some alerts had been issued in Riyadh this year after the start of the US-Iran war, these were the first since the escalation with the ​Houthis began in July.

The fighting between the Houthis and Saudi Arabia has developed as a new theatre of conflict in the wider war that began with US and Israeli strikes against Iran ​at the end of February. US President Donald Trump has rebuffed Saudi requests for direct US military intervention against the Houthis.

A US State Department security alert issued on Saturday for Americans in the Middle East ‌cited Houthi attacks. ⁠The State Department urged US citizens in the region to “exercise heightened vigilance” and that Americans outside the Middle East “should seriously reconsider travel to and through the region.”

HOUTHI WARNING

The Houthis, who control the most populous parts of Yemen and much of the north, have been launching attacks against Saudi Arabia since declaring a naval blockade against Riyadh in July, with strikes targeting Saudi vessels in the Red Sea.

The attacks have targeted Saudi cities, energy infrastructure and shipping, creating new threats to global oil supplies and putting at risk the main alternative Red Sea route for Gulf exports while traffic through the Strait of Hormuz ​remains blockaded.

Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan said Saudi ​Arabia may have military needs due to ⁠the ongoing Houthi attacks and Turkey was ready to help under a trilateral defence pact that also includes Pakistan.

It was unclear what kind of support Turkey might provide but Fidan, in an interview with broadcaster NTV, said Saudi needs could include “some technical issues.”

The trilateral agreement signed last month stipulates ​that an armed attack on any of the three countries would be regarded as an attack on all of them.

Mohsen Rezaei, secretary ​of Iran’s Supreme National Security ⁠Council, told Al Jazeera in an interview aired on Saturday that Tehran wanted the war between Saudi Arabia and the Houthis to end, adding that he believed Yemenis also wanted a settlement with Saudi Arabia.

Rezaei also said Iran had conveyed its conditions to mediators for re-engaging in stalled negotiations with the United States, including “ending the war on all fronts”.

Consultations were continuing with Qatari and Pakistani mediators and Tehran was awaiting ⁠a response ​from Trump, Rezaei said.

The UN Security Council in a statement on Friday “condemned in the strongest terms continued Houthi attacks ​against the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, including attacks impacting civilian and energy infrastructure, which have resulted in the injury of civilians, including women and children.”

In the statement, the Security Council also condemned “Houthi military escalation in Yemen”.

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Iran executes man convicted of spying for Israel’s Mossad, judiciary says

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Iran executed a man convicted ​of passing missile ‌site intelligence to Israel during the ​12-day war, according ​to the judiciary.

Iran’s judiciary-run ⁠Mizan news ​agency said Hossein Pedaran ​was hanged after the Supreme Court upheld ​his death sentence ​on charges of espionage ‌and ⁠intelligence cooperation with Israel, Reuters reported.

It said Pedaran had provided Israel’s ​Mossad ​intelligence ⁠service with information on sensitive ​military sites ​in ⁠the central province of Isfahan, and ⁠had ​carried out ​the espionage for financial ​gain.

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At least 15 killed in blast near mosque in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

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At least 15 people were killed and more than 50 others injured in a blast near a mosque in Kohat district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province on Friday, Pakistan’s Geo News reported.

Police said the blast occurred during Friday prayers and damaged the outer section of the mosque. Several police personnel were among those injured.

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa’s Inspector General of Police, Zulfiqar Hameed, said an explosives-laden vehicle struck the gate of the old Police Lines before exploding. He said the incident was followed by gunfire and another explosion at a Special Branch building.

Security forces and rescue teams were deployed at the scene, while emergency measures were declared at the district hospital to treat the injured.

There was no immediate claim of responsibility for the bombing.

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