U.S. President Donald Trump said he did not discuss Britain's plans on Palestinian statehood during talks with Starmer in Scotland on Monday.
The U.S. ambassador to Israel, Mike Huckabee, called the statement "disgusting" and said blaming Israel was "irrational" because Hamas rejects every proposal to end the war.
Much of Gaza has been reduced to a wasteland during more than 21 months of war and there are fears of accelerating starvation.
The United Nations Security Council will meet on Thursday to address the conflict, diplomats said.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu was set to convene ministers late on Sunday to discuss the latest developments in the talks, an Israeli official said.