India has urged the international community to recognize Afghanistan’s “new reality” and reconsider its approach toward the country, calling for greater humanitarian, economic and development support.

Addressing the UN Security Council on Wednesday, India’s Permanent Representative Ambassador Harish Parvathaneni said Afghanistan’s humanitarian situation remained “especially dire” and called for broader international engagement, including positive incentives.

“We reemphasize the importance of incentivizing positive actions,” he said. “We cannot firewall 48 million people suffering deprivation and immense hardship out of our collective conscience and expect that there will be no consequences. There is a lot of misery in this world, but the case of Afghanistan is especially dire and we must recognize its new reality and change our collective approach, much like we have done in other similar situations.”

“The UN and international community must widen its policy toolkit to include positive inducements and nudges as well, so that one day, a young Afghan girl or boy can also proudly say that the world helped them when needed.”

India highlighted its humanitarian and development assistance, including more than 50,000 tonnes of wheat, medical supplies and support for Afghanistan’s healthcare system. It also said more than 3,000 Afghan students had benefited from scholarships since 2023.

Parvathaneni also raised concerns over the return of millions of Afghans, stressing that returns should be voluntary, safe and dignified. India reaffirmed its support for UNAMA and called for sustained international efforts to promote peace, stability and economic self-reliance in Afghanistan.

Russia has urged the international community to pursue a pragmatic approach toward the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (IEA), calling for dialogue, economic assistance and regional cooperation while warning against what Moscow described as excessive reliance on sanctions and political pressure.

Speaking at a UN Security Council meeting on Afghanistan on Wednesday, Russia’s Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Vassily Nebenzia, welcomed the appointment of Rabab Fatima as the new head of the UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and said international efforts should focus on practical cooperation with authorities in Kabul.

Nebenzia argued that Afghanistan had not experienced the widespread collapse predicted by some Western governments following the withdrawal of foreign forces in 2021. He attributed what he described as relative stability partly to the IEA’s efforts to strengthen regional cooperation.

Russia supports what Nebenzia called a “realistic comprehensive approach” based on dialogue with Afghanistan’s authorities, consideration of Afghan needs, and cooperation on security, economic development and diplomatic relations.

He criticized what he characterized as Western governments’ focus on human rights at the expense of broader engagement.

“Selective and biased approaches, as well as a fixation on human rights aspects – which is of particular interest to a certain group of Western donors – will lead nowhere,” Nebenzia said.

At the same time, Russia said it was monitoring human rights and fundamental freedoms in Afghanistan, including access to education and employment regardless of ethnicity, religion or gender. Nebenzia also called for progress toward a government involving Afghanistan’s various ethnic and political groups.

Nebenzia expressed concern over tensions between Afghanistan and Pakistan and the activities of Tehrik-e Taliban Pakistan (TTP). He also cited the continued presence of Islamic State Khorasan and the Eastern Turkistan Islamic Movement as security threats.

Russia praised the IEA’s efforts to reduce opium-poppy cultivation while calling for greater attention to synthetic drugs and stronger regional cooperation against trafficking.

Moscow also called for international assistance to Afghanistan, including efforts to unblock Afghan assets and support economic development. Nebenzia praised humanitarian organizations operating in the country despite what he described as chronic underfunding.

Russia said continued engagement and economic assistance could contribute to Afghanistan’s stability and gradual reintegration into the international community.

U.S. calls for accountability

The United States, speaking in the session, placed greater emphasis on accountability, detainee releases and human rights concerns.

U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Mike Waltz said Washington would not tolerate the IEA holding American citizens as bargaining tools, accusing the group of using detainees to seek political concessions and international legitimacy.

Waltz said the U.S. State Department had designated Afghanistan under IEA rule as a “State Sponsor of Wrongful Detention” and urged Council members to demand the release of Americans and other foreign nationals detained by the IEA.

Citing United Nations and UNESCO reporting, Waltz said millions of Afghan girls remain excluded from education beyond the sixth grade. He also criticized restrictions preventing Afghan women from working for the United Nations and entering UN compounds in Afghanistan.

“The Taliban (IEA) wants a seat at the international table,” Waltz said, arguing that its treatment of women and girls conflicts with its stated desire for international recognition.

Waltz also questioned how long the international community should continue engaging with the IEA without seeing measurable changes.

“How many UN reports documenting abuse? How many Council resolutions demanding change? How many years of ‘engagement’ can we pass before we see measurable results?” he asked.

The U.S. representative welcomed the extension and reform of UNAMA and the appointment of Fatima as its new head, saying Washington would closely monitor whether the revised mandate produces a more focused and accountable mission.

Afghanistan’s Interior Minister Sirajuddin Haqqani met on Wednesday with Ibrahim Kalin, director of Türkiye’s National Intelligence Organization, and his accompanying delegation.

Afghanistan’s Interior Ministry said in a statement that the two sides discussed ways to expand relations between Afghanistan and Türkiye, particularly in the areas of security, counter-narcotics efforts, and coordination between the interior ministries of the two countries.

They also exchanged views on a number of regional issues.