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Small rocky planet detected in orbit about nearby Barnard’s star
While this planet, orbiting very close to Barnard’s star, has a surface temperature too high to be suitable for life, the researchers found what they called “strong hints” of three other planets around Barnard’s star that might be better candidates.
Barnard’s star is a red dwarf, the smallest type of regular star and much smaller and less luminous than our sun. At about 6 light years away, it is the closest single star – one not orbiting with other stars – to our solar system. It is, in cosmic terms, in our neighborhood.
Because of this, scientists eager to study nearby potentially habitable worlds are excited by the discovery of the first confirmed planet orbiting Barnard’s star, a rocky one with a mass about 40% that of Earth, Reuters reported.
While this planet, orbiting very close to Barnard’s star, has a surface temperature too high to be suitable for life, the researchers found what they called “strong hints” of three other planets around Barnard’s star that might be better candidates.
The confirmed planet, called Barnard b, has a predicted diameter about three-quarters that of Earth, so about 6,000 miles (9,700 km).
“It is one of the least massive planets ever found,” beyond our solar system, said astronomer Jonay González Hernández of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias in Tenerife, Spain, lead author of the study published this week in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics, opens new tab.
Among planets in our solar system, only Mars and Mercury are smaller.
Barnard b, with a surface temperature around 275 degrees Fahrenheit (125 degrees Celsius), orbits Barnard’s star in just three Earth days at a distance 20 times closer than our solar system’s innermost planet Mercury is to the sun.
Planets beyond the solar system are called exoplanets. Scientists searching for exoplanets that possibly could harbor life look at those residing in the “habitable zone” around a star, where it is not too hot and not too cold, and liquid water can exist on the planetary surface.
The researchers used an instrument called ESPRESSO on the European Southern Observatory’s Chile-based Very Large Telescope to detect this planet. The three other potential planets orbiting Barnard’s star all apparently are rocky and smaller than Earth, ranging from 20-30% of Earth’s mass. The hope is that at least one of these may be in the vicinity of the habitable zone.
If confirmed, this would be the only known star with a multi-planet system entirely comprised of planets smaller than Earth.
Barnard’s star, in the constellation Ophiuchus, has a mass about 16% of the sun’s, a diameter 19% of it and is far less hot. It also is estimated to be more than twice as old as the sun.
“Being so cold and small, it is quite faint, making its habitable zone much closer to the star than in the case of the sun,” said Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias astronomer and study co-author Alejandro Suárez Mascareño. “It also is a very quiet star. While some red dwarfs have been found to flare very frequently, Barnard’s star doesn’t do it.”
The closer that exoplanets are to us, the easier they are to study. It is easier to detect low-mass rocky planets orbiting red dwarfs, the most common type of star in our Milky Way galaxy, than around larger stars.
Only the three stars in the Alpha Centauri system, about 4 light-years away, are closer to our solar system than Barnard’s star. A light-year is the distance light travels in a year, 5.9 trillion miles (9.5 trillion km). Two exoplanets have been detected in the Alpha Centauri system, both orbiting the red dwarf Proxima Centauri. One has a mass about equal to Earth’s. The other is about 25% Earth’s mass.
In science fiction, light speed travel is commonplace. In reality, it is far beyond human capabilities, though research projects such as Breakthrough Starshot are exploring the feasibility of interstellar travel. Barnard’s star and Alpha Centauri might be on wish lists of future destinations.
“While they are very close in astronomical terms, they are out of reach for any kind of human technology. However, if projects such as the Breakthrough Starshot are successful, it is likely that these will be some of the first targets,” Mascareño said.
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Iranian naval commander Alireza Tangsiri killed in attack, says Israel
Israel says it has killed Alireza Tangsiri, the commander of the naval arm of Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, in a targeted air strike.
In a video statement, Israeli Defense Minister Israel Katz said the attack was carried out “last night, in a precise and lethal operation,” and also struck other senior naval officers.
Katz claimed Tangsiri had been directly responsible for operations targeting shipping in the Strait of Hormuz, including mining activities aimed at disrupting maritime traffic.
The reported killing comes amid an ongoing conflict between Israel and Iran that began on February 28, with Israel announcing a series of high-profile assassinations of Iranian officials. Those claims have included the deaths of Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and senior political figure Ali Larijani.
However, Iranian authorities have not yet confirmed Tangsiri’s death. Reporting from Tehran, Al Jazeera correspondent Tohid Asadi said that if confirmed, the killing would mark another significant blow to Iran’s military leadership, which has faced repeated strikes since the conflict escalated.
Other figures reportedly killed in recent attacks include Gholamreza Soleimani, head of the Basij paramilitary forces, and Intelligence Minister Esmail Khatib.
In parallel, Israeli forces have intensified operations against Iranian naval capabilities. Recent strikes have reportedly targeted ships and support vessels, including missile-equipped craft, in the Caspian Sea.
Iran has yet to issue a comprehensive response to the latest claims.
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Tajikistan shifts stance on Afghanistan amid rising border tensions
Earlier this month, Tajik lawmakers approved a $57 million deal for China to finance and build nine new border posts, underscoring Beijing’s expanding role in regional security.
A surge in violence along the Tajikistan–Afghanistan border is prompting Tajikistan to recalibrate its policy toward Afghanistan, combining tighter security measures with cautious diplomatic engagement.
Earlier this month, Tajik lawmakers approved a $57 million deal for China to finance and build nine new border posts, underscoring Beijing’s expanding role in regional security.
The move follows a series of deadly incidents, including attacks that killed five Chinese nationals and clashes with smugglers that left several Afghan civilians and Tajik guards dead.
The violence reflects growing instability along the rugged frontier, much of it tracing the Panj River, with armed incidents rising sharply and drug seizures increasing significantly, according to Tajik authorities.
Alongside bolstering border infrastructure, Dushanbe is stepping up engagement with the Islamic Emirate. Recent months have seen unprecedented high-level contacts, including calls and meetings between Amir Khan Muttaqi and Sirojiddin Muhriddin, as well as talks with Tajik envoy Sadi Sharifi.
Once a staunch critic of the Islamic Emirate, Tajikistan’s President Emomali Rahmon’s government is gradually adopting a more pragmatic approach. Since the reopening of border markets in 2023, trade and security contacts have quietly expanded, with officials now openly acknowledging cooperation on energy and border security.
Analysts say the shift reflects a mix of rising security threats, regional pressure from partners like China and Russia, and the reality that the Islamic Emirate remain firmly in control in Kabul. While China funds infrastructure and Russia continues to support military training, experts describe the arrangement as a “division of labor” rather than a shift in regional influence.
Despite lingering concerns, observers note a clear warming in ties between Dushanbe and Kabul, driven as much by necessity as by strategy.
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Torkham crossing reopens for returning Afghan migrants
According to reports, the reopening has allowed the flow of Afghan returnees from Pakistan to resume, with many families entering Afghanistan through the crossing.
The Torkham border crossing was reopened on Thursday at 2 p.m. for Afghan migrants returning to the country after nearly a month of closure.
According to reports, the reopening has allowed the flow of Afghan returnees from Pakistan to resume, with many families entering Afghanistan through the crossing.
Torkham is considered one of the most important crossing gateways between Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Its closure had created significant challenges for migrants and disrupted crossing movement.
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