Regional
No spoils of war: Syria’s new ruler lays down the law to loyalists
“I didn’t know the salaries the government pays were this high!” Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa joked after more than 100 loyalists arrived at his former rebel base, many pulling up in luxury SUV, Reuters reported.
“Have you forgotten you are the sons of the revolution?” Sharaa rebuked the gathered officials and business leaders, according to two people present, remarking upon the large number of Cadillac Escalades, Range Rovers and Chevrolet Tahoes parked outside. “Have you been tempted so quickly?”
Syria’s militant commander-turned-ruler has faced a turbulent 10 months since toppling President Bashar al-Assad after 14 years of civil war. The country has suffered sporadic bouts of sectarian violence involving ex-rebel factions linked to his new government, leaving more than 2,000 people dead, and there’s been a spate of forced evictions and property seizures.
The meeting on August 30, which hasn’t been reported before, took place at Sharaa’s former headquarters in Idlib province in northwestern Syria, far from his official presidential offices in Damascus. The leader, a one-time al Qaeda commander, was flanked by two senior security officials as he spoke.
Sharaa ordered civil servants with luxury cars to hand over the keys or face being investigated for illicit gains, according to the two attendees as well as two civil servants briefed on the address, who all requested anonymity to discuss confidential matters. A handful of keys were handed in as people filed out at the end, the attendees told Reuters.
The message delivered to loyalists points to a critical challenge facing the 43-year-old president, according to Syrian officials and analysts: how to pivot from an insurgency to a civilian government without replicating the endemic corruption of Assad’s reviled police state.
At stake: the legitimacy Sharaa has gained among many Syrians, and abroad, by ousting the dictator.
“Sharaa lacks any institutional framework or textbooks to rely on,” said Hossam Jazmati, a Syrian researcher on Islamist groups who has studied the former warrior-sheikh for more than a decade.
“He’s not a product of a state institution but of a faction. Since 2003, he has operated within a militia environment,” he said. “Power was based on alliances, favouritism and monopoly.
Now, loyalists taking spoils of war would threaten his ability to consolidate power, Jazmati said: “He requires substantial financial resources to sustain his administration — not necessarily for personal gain, but to maintain authority.”
Syria’s Ministry of Information told Reuters that Sharaa had arranged a “friendly, informal meeting” in Idlib with former commanders, officials and other notables which touched on political and security challenges as well as the need to change the “investment culture established by the former regime”.
“He stressed that he would not tolerate any suspicion of corruption among state employees,” the ministry said.
It denied any car keys were handed over.
SHARAA SHUTS OUT BROTHER, SOURCES SAY
Sharaa’s balancing act can be seen even within his own family.
Two older brothers hold top jobs in the new government. Hazem oversees foreign and local business and investment in Syria, including the work of former rebel fighters tasked with overhauling Syria’s economy. Maher, a gynaecologist with Syrian-Russian dual nationality, is secretary-general of the presidency, chairing official meetings and attending talks with foreign dignitaries, including Sharaa’s meeting with Vladimir Putin in Moscow this month.
Multiple Syrian officials said Sharaa’s reliance on relatives and others close to him was a result of needing to quickly fill gaps in his new administration following the unexpected collapse of Assad’s government. Critics see it as a worrying emulation of family rule under the old regime.
But another elder brother – Jamal, a businessman – has fallen foul of Sharaa’s fledgling anti-corruption drive, according to six people familiar with the matter including government officials and business figures.
Following Sharaa’s rise to power, Jamal set up an office in the capital Damascus from where he ran various ventures including import-export and tourism businesses, they said.
He became a common sight in upmarket hotel lobbies and restaurants, to which he was driven in a black Mercedes S-class saloon with tinted windows and no license plates.
Sharaa ordered the office be shut in August and instructed government entities not to deal with his brother, the sources told Reuters. The decision concerned allegations that Jamal had used his family link to the president to set up dozens of meetings with government and business figures to advance his personal interests, they said.
A Reuters reporter found the office shut and locked this month, with red wax blotched on the doors. No one answered the doorbell.
Red wax is often used in the region, including in Syria, to seal properties ordered shut pending corruption investigations.
Syria’s information ministry confirmed the office had been closed down. “Jamal al-Sharaa was not permitted to work as an investment or commercial entity,” it told Reuters. “The presidency has clarified since the formation of the government that Jamal al-Sharaa did not hold any official position.”
The ministry didn’t say whether, or what, specific charges authorities had been levelled against the president’s brother.
Reuters was unable to contact Jamal for comment. Reached by phone, the head of Jamal’s office said the pair were outside Damascus and didn’t comment further.
Shortly after closing Jamal’s office, Sharaa held a meeting with family members, including his 79-year-old father, warning them against exploiting the family name for personal gain, according to a relative who attended the meeting.
FACTORY BOSS: I PAID $200,000 FOR WORKER
The warning that Sharaa delivered to loyalists in August followed complaints voiced by ordinary Syrians at a meeting with the president earlier that month over the newfound luxury of some former rebels now in the civil service, according to an attendee.
Sharaa has since reiterated his anti-corruption message in public in Damascus.
In an October 13 clip released by state media, he told officials they must disclose existing investments and were banned from entering into new private projects. He also said personal relationships with businessmen should be avoided, warning them not to repeat the model seen under Assad.
Corruption nonetheless persists in post-Assad Syria, including the payment of bribes to get out of jail or recover houses, vehicles and other valuables seized by members of the new ruling order, according to interviews with nine Syrian business figures and former and current officials.
One industrialist and two senior factory managers, who all requested anonymity to speak freely, said they had been forced to pay cash to well-connected intermediaries, with no receipt or formal documentation, to keep their businesses running or secure the release of employees detained over alleged past ties to the Assad regime.
One said he paid $100,000 for the release of a worker, only to be told he would have to fork out another $100,000 if he wanted the employee to be allowed to resume work.
Another said he paid $25,000 to get an employee released.
Reuters was unable to independently verify the accounts.
The information ministry said such practices were not widespread and that some people suspected of taking bribes in exchange for releasing detainees or doing other official business had been referred for “immediate investigation”.
A major area of concern within Syria’s business community, according to the people interviewed, is the opaque process of settlement deals struck by government officials with people accused of links to Assad. The deals, in which business owners hand over assets in exchange for being allowed to return to work in Syria, began to take shape immediately after Damascus fell.
Authorities are trying to route all such settlements via a committee on illicit gains formed in May, before turning the assets over to a new sovereign wealth fund that is still being set up, according to six people including government officials and businessmen familiar with the matter.
The fund now holds hundreds of companies, office buildings, factories and other assets linked to people accused of connections to the Assad regime, the six people said.
But these two fledgling entities have also come under scrutiny.
Two lawyers working for the fund have been arrested pending investigations over alleged graft, with one detained for more than a month, the people told Reuters.
The information ministry confirmed the arrests, saying the lawyers were being investigated over “alleged theft that has not yet been proven”. Some members of the illicit gains committee, which is tasked with investigating corruption, have also been detained for investigations about suspected wrongdoing though not formally arrested, the ministry said.
Regional
Pakistan’s military chief Asim Munir in spotlight over Trump’s Gaza plan
Munir was earlier this month anointed chief of the defence forces to head the air force and navy as well, with a job extension until 2030.
Pakistan’s most powerful military chief in decades faces the toughest test of his newly amassed powers as Washington pushes Islamabad to contribute troops to the Gaza stabilisation force, a move analysts say could spark domestic backlash.
Field Marshal Asim Munir is expected to fly to Washington to meet President Donald Trump in the coming weeks for a third meeting in six months that will likely focus on the Gaza force, two sources told Reuters, one of them a key player in the general’s economic diplomacy.
Trump’s 20-point Gaza plan calls for a force from Muslim nations to oversee a transition period for reconstruction and economic recovery in the war-torn Palestinian territory, decimated by over two years of Israeli military bombardment.
Many countries are wary of the mission to demilitarise Gaza’s Islamist militant group Hamas, which could drag them into the conflict and enrage their pro-Palestinian and anti-Israeli populations.
But Munir has built a close relationship with the mercurial Trump to repair years of mistrust between Washington and Islamabad. In June, he was rewarded with a White House lunch – the first time a U.S. president hosted Pakistan’s army chief alone, without civilian officials.
“Not contributing (to the Gaza stabilisation force) could annoy Trump, which is no small matter for a Pakistani state that appears quite keen to remain in his good graces – in great part to secure U.S. investment and security aid,” said Michael Kugelman, Senior Fellow, South Asia at Washington-based Atlantic Council.
Pakistan, the world’s only Muslim country with nuclear weapons, has a battle-hardened military having gone to war with arch-rival India three times and a brief conflict this summer.
It has also tackled insurgencies in its far-flung regions and is currently embroiled in a bruising war with Islamist militants who it says are operating from Afghanistan.
Pakistan’s military strength means “there is a greater pressure on Munir to deliver his capacity,” said author and defence analyst Ayesha Siddiqa.
Pakistan’s military, foreign office and information ministry did not respond to questions from Reuters. The White House also did not respond to a request for a comment.
Pakistani Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar said last month that Islamabad could consider contributing troops for peacekeeping but disarming Hamas “is not our job.”
Munir was earlier this month anointed chief of the defence forces to head the air force and navy as well, with a job extension until 2030.
He will retain his field marshal title forever, as well as enjoy lifetime immunity from any criminal prosecution under the constitutional amendments that Pakistan’s civilian government pushed through parliament late last month.
“Few people in Pakistan enjoy the luxury of being able to take risks more than Munir. He has unbridled power, now constitutionally protected,” Kugelman added.
“Ultimately, it will be Munir’s rules, and his rules only.”
Over the past few weeks, Munir has met military and civilian leaders from countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Jordan, Egypt and Qatar, according to the military’s statements, which Siddiqa said appeared to be consultations on the Gaza force.
But the big concern at home is that the involvement of Pakistan troops in Gaza under a U.S.-backed plan could re-ignite protests from Pakistan’s Islamist parties that are deeply opposed to the U.S. and Israel.
The Islamists have street power to mobilise thousands.
A powerful and violent anti-Israel Islamist party that fights for upholding Pakistan’s ultra-strict blasphemy laws was banned in October.
Authorities arrested its leaders and over 1,500 supporters and seized its assets and bank accounts in an ongoing crackdown, officials said.
While Islamabad has outlawed the group, its ideology is still alive.
The party of former jailed premier, Imran Khan, whose supporters won the most seats in the 2024 national elections and has wide public support, also has an axe to grind against Munir.
Abdul Basit, Senior Associate Fellow, S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies in Singapore, said if things escalated once the Gaza force was on the ground, it would cause problems quickly.
“People will say ‘Asim Munir is doing Israel’s bidding’ – it will be foolhardy of anyone not to see it coming.”
Regional
Two US soldiers and an interpreter killed in suspected Daesh attack in Syria
Two U.S. Army soldiers and a civilian interpreter were killed in Syria on Saturday by a suspected Daesh attacker who targeted a convoy of American and Syrian forces before being shot dead, the U.S. military said.
The attack was barely a month after Syria announced it had signed a political cooperation agreement with the U.S.-led coalition against Daesh, which coincided with Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa’s visit to the White House, Reuters reported.
The attacker was a member of the Syrian security forces, three local officials told Reuters. A Syrian Interior Ministry spokesperson told a state-run television channel that the man did not have a leadership role in the security forces.
“On December 10, an evaluation was issued indicating that this attacker might hold extremist ideas, and a decision regarding him was due to be issued tomorrow, on Sunday,” the spokesperson, Noureddine el-Baba, told Syrian television channel Al-Ikhbariya.
In a post on his Truth Social platform, U.S. President Donald Trump vowed “very serious retaliation,” mourning the loss of “three great patriots”. He described the incident in remarks to reporters as a “terrible” attack.
CENTRAL COMMAND SAYS THE ATTACKER WAS KILLED
Three U.S. soldiers were also wounded in the attack, the U.S. military’s Central Command said.
In a statement, Central Command said the attack by a lone gunman occurred “as the soldiers were conducting a key leader engagement” in the central Syrian town of Palmyra. “Partner forces” killed the attacker, U.S. Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth wrote in a social media post.
A senior U.S. official said initial assessments indicated that Daesh probably carried out the attack, although the militant group did not immediately claim responsibility.
It took place in an area not controlled by the Syrian government, the official said.
Baba said Syria had warned about the possibility of an Daesh attack in that region but that “coalition forces did not take the Syrian warnings… into account.”
He said Syria would determine whether the attacker was linked to Daesh or merely subscribed to the group’s ideology.
The soldiers’ names will be withheld until 24 hours after the next-of-kin notification, the U.S. military said.
US ENVOY CONDEMNS THE ATTACK
Syrian state news agency SANA quoted a security source as saying two Syrian service personnel were injured, without providing further details. The source told SANA that American helicopters evacuated the injured to a U.S. base in Syria’s Al-Tanf region near the Iraqi border.
Tom Barrack, the U.S. ambassador to Turkey and special envoy to Syria, condemned the attack.
“We mourn the loss of three brave U.S. service members and civilian personnel and wish a speedy recovery to the Syrian troops wounded in the attack,” Barrack said in a statement. “We remain committed to defeating terrorism with our Syrian partners.”
The U.S.-led coalition has carried out air strikes and ground operations in Syria targeting Islamic State suspects in recent months, often with the involvement of Syria’s security forces. Syria last month also carried out a nationwide campaign arresting more than 70 people accused of links to the group.
The United States has troops stationed in northeastern Syria as part of a decade-long effort to help a Kurdish-led force there.
Regional
Pakistan’s ex-spy chief jailed for 14 years in rare military rebuke
A military court in Pakistan jailed former spy chief Faiz Hamid for 14 years on four charges including interference in politics, the army said on Thursday, in a rare conviction of a once-powerful general in the South Asian nation.
Hamid, in custody and under trial since August last year, was the chief of Pakistan’s powerful Inter-Services Intelligence agency from 2019 to 2021 under jailed former Prime Minister Imran Khan, and the two were considered close allies.”The accused was tried on four charges,” the military said in a statement, Reuters reported.
The charges ranged from engaging in political activities and violating the Official Secrets Act in a way detrimental to safety and state interest to misuse of authority and resources as well as causing wrongful loss to individuals, it added.
TIES TO JAILED FORMER PM IMRAN KHAN
The former general was found guilty on all the charges, the military said, without detailing the incidents. His conviction followed “lengthy and laborious legal proceedings”, it added, and Hamid has a right of appeal.
He also faces a separate investigation of his role in May 2023 attacks by thousands of Khan’s supporters on scores of military installations and offices to protest against the arrest of the 72-year-old former cricket star.
Information Minister Attaullah Tarar said Hamid had crossed “red lines” and acted as an advisor to Khan’s party to try to create chaos in the country.
Hamid’s lawyers or family could not be reached for comment. Khan’s PTI party did not immediately respond to a Reuters request for comment.
Khan has been in jail since August 2023.
Khan and nearly 150 of his party leaders and supporters have already been indicted by an anti-terrorism court on charges of inciting the attacks that also targeted military headquarters in the garrison city of Rawalpindi.
Khan and his associates deny the charges.
Hamid’s close ties to Khan, who blames the military for ousting him from power in 2022, were a source of tension between the cricketer-turned-politician and the military.
The military, which has directly ruled the nation of 241 million for more than three decades of its 77-year independent history, plays a big role in making or breaking governments.
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