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Opium cultivation declines in Afghanistan but rises in Pakistan and Iran
Opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistan has declined to around 10,200 hectares in 2025 — a 20 percent decrease compared to the previous year
Following the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan’s (IEA) nationwide ban on opium cultivation in 2022, poppy production in Afghanistan has fallen sharply. However, new reports indicate that cultivation is now spreading to neighboring Pakistan and Iran, raising regional concerns about the shifting dynamics of the narcotics trade.
According to a report by Nikkei Asia, opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistan has declined to around 10,200 hectares in 2025 — a 20 percent decrease compared to the previous year. British geospatial research firm Alcis offered a slightly higher estimate of 12,800 hectares but confirmed that cultivation levels remain dramatically lower than before the IEA ban, when more than 200,000 hectares were used for opium production.
The Afghan Ministry of Interior announced on Sunday that activities related to the cultivation, trade, and trafficking of narcotics have been “effectively reduced to zero” inside Afghanistan. Over the past year, authorities reportedly seized and destroyed nearly 200,000 kilograms of natural and synthetic drugs.
Qasim Khalid, Deputy Minister for Counter-Narcotics, said that under the previous republic government, high-ranking officials were involved in sophisticated cross-border drug networks. He added that 750 traffickers have been arrested and are currently under investigation.
While Afghanistan’s production has dropped dramatically, Alcis reports that opium cultivation has increased in Pakistan, with more than 8,000 hectares under cultivation in just two districts of Balochistan. Iran has also experienced a rise in poppy farming, driven by surging opiate prices and growing demand for cheaper local supplies.
Experts warn that ongoing economic hardship, political uncertainty, and the large-scale return of Afghan refugees from neighboring countries could once again make opium cultivation an attractive livelihood for struggling rural communities. The UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) noted that “intensified competition for scarce jobs and resources could make opium poppy cultivation more appealing for many families.”
Analysts further caution that deteriorating relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan, coupled with the recent deadlock in Istanbul talks, may increase the risk of a regional resurgence in the narcotics trade, undermining progress made since the Islamic Emirate’s 2022 ban.
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Five years out of school: Amnesty raises alarm over Afghan girls’ education
Five years on, millions of Afghan girls remain out of secondary school and unable to return to their classrooms.
Amnesty International says five years have passed since millions of girls in Afghanistan were deprived of secondary education, warning that the continued restrictions are affecting the future and aspirations of an entire generation.
The organization’s South Asia regional office said Thursday, September 17, on X that five years without access to education represent five years of injustice and lost opportunities for Afghan girls.
Despite the restrictions, Amnesty said girls across Afghanistan continue to seek ways to pursue their education, including through online learning, protests and, for some, migrating abroad to continue their studies.
Amnesty International has called on the international community to stand with Afghan women and girls and urge the Islamic Emirate to reopen girls’ secondary schools as soon as possible.
Five years on, millions of Afghan girls remain out of secondary school and unable to return to their classrooms.
The Islamic Emirate, however, has described girls’ education above the sixth grade as an internal matter and said efforts are underway to address the issue.
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Afghanistan condemns alleged drone attack on Mecca
Balkhi also warned that any threat to the holy sites could deeply anger Muslims and contribute to further instability in the region.
Afghanistan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs has strongly condemned an alleged drone attack on Mecca, calling any threat to the Two Holy Cities an “unforgivable crime.”
“Any action against the Two Holy Cities that threatens the security and sanctity of these sacred sites is an unforgivable crime,” Abdul Qahar Balkhi, spokesperson for the ministry, said.
He stressed that the Two Holy Cities are sacred and highly respected sites shared by the Muslim world, and that their security and sanctity must be protected from conflicts, violence and military actions.
Balkhi also warned that any threat to the holy sites could deeply anger Muslims and contribute to further instability in the region.
Saudi Arabia’s air defences intercepted and destroyed a Houthi drone south of Mecca on Tuesday before it entered prohibited airspace over the holy city, said a spokesman for the Saudi-led military coalition fighting Yemen’s Iran-aligned Houthis.
A Houthi military source denied the group posed any threat to Mecca or other holy sites, in comments carried by the Houthi-run SABA news agency on Tuesday.
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Quetta commissioner calls for stronger coordination on Afghan refugee repatriation
According to the briefing, approximately 23,000 Afghan refugees remain in Quetta, with relevant departments continuing efforts to facilitate their repatriation.
Quetta Commissioner Zeeshan Lashari has directed relevant departments to strengthen coordination to ensure the effective repatriation of Afghan refugees from Balochistan to Afghanistan.
A meeting chaired by Lashari reviewed administrative arrangements and measures related to the return of Afghan refugees.
Officials told the meeting that around 800,000 Afghan refugees in Balochistan have already been repatriated to Afghanistan, while more than 350,000 others have returned voluntarily.
According to the briefing, approximately 23,000 Afghan refugees remain in Quetta, with relevant departments continuing efforts to facilitate their repatriation.
The meeting also discussed the issue of Afghan refugees who return to Afghanistan but later attempt to re-enter Pakistan. Officials agreed to seek guidance from the Home Department on how such cases should be handled.
Lashari directed authorities to improve coordination among relevant institutions and ensure that the repatriation process is carried out effectively.
He also instructed officials to take action in accordance with applicable laws and government policy against those who attempt to re-enter Pakistan after returning to Afghanistan.
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