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Afghanistan second-largest refugee group after Syria
Until last year, Afghans were the largest global refugee population at 2.6 million people – almost 10 percent of the country’s entire population.
Today, estimated at 12 percent, they Afghans ranked as the second largest group after Syrians to have reached European shores and borders.
According to the United Nations’ refugee agency, UNHCR, more than 40,000 Afghans have sought asylum in Europe from January until August this year.
Today an estimated 2.6 million Afghan remain in exile- mainly hosted by Pakistan and the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Pakistan is the second largest refugee-hosting country in the world, hosting around 1.5 million Afghan refugees, a figure that accounts for 10.5 per cent of the total global refugee population. Iran hosts around 950,000 Afghan refugees.
Although tragedies that have befallen Afghan refugees for decades have not made the headlines in Western media, many have died dreadful deaths or have endured untold hardships.
Many families are still waiting to hear news of loved ones that have simply vanished en route to a better life.
While the dire security situation prompts many Afghans to risk everything, others flee because of the country’s economic stagnation and staggering unemployment rates.
“Migrations do not occur arbitrary, due to lots of pressure, escaping from investment, work and brain drain are the main reason,” Sayed Masoud, Afghan economic analyst said.
Unemployment has reached record heights. Domestic and foreign investments have halted, and the flight of capital is becoming a critical issue. Projects attached to international aid – one of the largest sources of employment in the past decade – have, for the most part, shut down or been placed in hibernation.
Meanwhile, a number of Wolesi Jirga members accept problems of Afghan youths in the country but urged all of them that instead of escaping the country they should use the power of their initiative.
Germany and other Western states may show generosity in accepting refugees, but unless the world revamps the Afghan economy and seriously engages in the restoration of security, the brain drain will gravely reverse the trillion-dollar global effort in rehabilitating and stabilising Afghanistan.
Deteriorating security and growing fears for the future contributed to an increasing number of Afghans fleeing their homes for other countries, or choosing not to return home from overseas.
The number of Afghans seeking safety outside the country also grew, with some making dangerous journeys from Afghanistan through the mountains into Iran toward Europe or by boat to Australia. The number of refugees returning to Afghanistan from neighboring countries has fallen in recent years.
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Afghanistan welcomes investment and technology partnerships with India
Azizi welcomed the proposals, emphasizing Afghanistan’s abundant investment opportunities and reaffirming full support.
Nooruddin Azizi, Afghanistan’s Minister of Commerce and Industry, met with Ankush Satana and his delegation at his office to discuss expanding economic and technological cooperation.
During the meeting, Satana expressed interest in establishing a gemstone exhibition salon in Afghanistan and connecting Afghan and Indian traders in the pharmaceutical sector.
He also highlighted Germany’s advanced technology capable of producing large quantities of diesel fuel from collected plastic waste and expressed willingness to transfer this technology to Afghanistan.
Azizi welcomed the proposals, emphasizing Afghanistan’s abundant investment opportunities and reaffirming full support.
He noted that the country’s private sector is active and prepared to collaborate with foreign investors.
This meeting represents a significant step toward strengthening economic partnerships and fostering technology transfer, further boosting Afghanistan’s position as a hub for investment and trade in the region.
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Khyber Pakhtunkhwa governor urges political dialogue with Afghanistan
Kundi stated that security in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is directly affected by conditions in Afghanistan and recalled how past conflicts, including post-Soviet wars and post-9/11 events, fueled militancy in the region.
Faisal Karim Kundi, Governor of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, stressed the importance of political dialogue with the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan during a regional meeting on “Security, Trade, and Economic Affairs between Pakistan and Afghanistan” held in Peshawar.
The event was hosted by the University of Peshawar’s Department of International Relations.
Kundi said that domestic and cross-border challenges can only be addressed through constructive engagement among political leaders. He emphasized that a stable Afghanistan is essential not just for Pakistan, but for the wider region, and that lasting peace is key to economic growth and expanded trade.
The meeting also addressed regional security, trade challenges, and the potential of Pakistan-Afghanistan crossings to strengthen connectivity with Central Asia.
Kundi stated that security in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is directly affected by conditions in Afghanistan and recalled how past conflicts, including post-Soviet wars and post-9/11 events, fueled militancy in the region.
The IEA has meanwhile not commented on Kundi’s remarks but officials have in the past repeatedly acknowledged the need for positive dialogue with neighboring countries to strengthen ties and economic relations.
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US raises concerns over American detainees in Afghanistan
Zabihullah Mujahid, spokesperson for the Islamic Emirate, said talks with U.S. officials are ongoing and expressed hope for a peaceful resolution.
Don Brown, U.S. chargé d’affaires for Afghanistan in Qatar, expressed concern over American citizens currently detained in Afghanistan, describing their situation as “regrettable” and calling for continued diplomatic efforts to resolve the matter.
Brown noted that the detainee issue remains a key focus in discussions between Washington and Kabul.
Zabihullah Mujahid, spokesperson for the Islamic Emirate, said talks with U.S. officials are ongoing and expressed hope for a peaceful resolution.
The matter has been part of U.S.-Afghanistan engagement for several years, with past negotiations securing the release of some Americans.
In September 2025, the U.S. established a framework allowing sanctions on entities that wrongfully detain American citizens.
The situation underscores the continuing importance of detainee negotiations in U.S.–Afghanistan relations.
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