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Afghanistan second-largest refugee group after Syria
Until last year, Afghans were the largest global refugee population at 2.6 million people – almost 10 percent of the country’s entire population.
Today, estimated at 12 percent, they Afghans ranked as the second largest group after Syrians to have reached European shores and borders.
According to the United Nations’ refugee agency, UNHCR, more than 40,000 Afghans have sought asylum in Europe from January until August this year.
Today an estimated 2.6 million Afghan remain in exile- mainly hosted by Pakistan and the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Pakistan is the second largest refugee-hosting country in the world, hosting around 1.5 million Afghan refugees, a figure that accounts for 10.5 per cent of the total global refugee population. Iran hosts around 950,000 Afghan refugees.
Although tragedies that have befallen Afghan refugees for decades have not made the headlines in Western media, many have died dreadful deaths or have endured untold hardships.
Many families are still waiting to hear news of loved ones that have simply vanished en route to a better life.
While the dire security situation prompts many Afghans to risk everything, others flee because of the country’s economic stagnation and staggering unemployment rates.
“Migrations do not occur arbitrary, due to lots of pressure, escaping from investment, work and brain drain are the main reason,” Sayed Masoud, Afghan economic analyst said.
Unemployment has reached record heights. Domestic and foreign investments have halted, and the flight of capital is becoming a critical issue. Projects attached to international aid – one of the largest sources of employment in the past decade – have, for the most part, shut down or been placed in hibernation.
Meanwhile, a number of Wolesi Jirga members accept problems of Afghan youths in the country but urged all of them that instead of escaping the country they should use the power of their initiative.
Germany and other Western states may show generosity in accepting refugees, but unless the world revamps the Afghan economy and seriously engages in the restoration of security, the brain drain will gravely reverse the trillion-dollar global effort in rehabilitating and stabilising Afghanistan.
Deteriorating security and growing fears for the future contributed to an increasing number of Afghans fleeing their homes for other countries, or choosing not to return home from overseas.
The number of Afghans seeking safety outside the country also grew, with some making dangerous journeys from Afghanistan through the mountains into Iran toward Europe or by boat to Australia. The number of refugees returning to Afghanistan from neighboring countries has fallen in recent years.
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Afghanistan hosts inaugural Afghanistan–Central Asia Consultative Dialogue to strengthen regional cooperation
On the issue of Pakistan, Muttaqi reiterated Afghanistan’s commitment to resolving bilateral issues through dialogue and diplomacy, while safeguarding its sovereignty.
In a significant step towards regional cooperation, Afghanistan hosted the first-ever Afghanistan–Central Asia Consultative Dialogue on Sunday. The high-level event took place in Kabul, bringing together key representatives from five Central Asian nations—Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan. The dialogue, initiated by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, aims to establish a multilateral political mechanism to foster diplomatic coordination, enhance economic cooperation, and promote connectivity across the region.
Key Themes of the Dialogue
The meeting, which marked an important milestone in regional diplomacy, was inaugurated by Amir Khan Muttaqi, the Foreign Minister of Afghanistan. In his address, he expressed his satisfaction at hosting such a crucial gathering, emphasizing the platform’s role in advancing mutual trust, stability, and regional collaboration.
“The dialogue aims to enhance political dialogue, promote economic integration, and strengthen diplomatic coordination between Afghanistan and Central Asia,” said Muttaqi. “It will also focus on exploring opportunities for cooperation in key areas such as trade, transit, and regional connectivity.”
Historical Ties and Shared Challenges
Muttaqi took the opportunity to highlight the deep historical, cultural, and geographical bonds between Afghanistan and the Central Asian nations. He referenced the region’s rich intellectual and cultural history, pointing to influential figures such as Imam Abu Hanifa, Imam Bukhari, and other notable scholars and thinkers from the region who have contributed to a shared heritage.
He underscored that the current narrative between Afghanistan and Central Asia is one of opportunity and cooperation, rather than confrontation. “Our collective aim is to address regional challenges in a coordinated manner to achieve prosperity, stability, and development,” he said.
Regional Context and Afghanistan’s Role
The foreign minister also highlighted Afghanistan’s role in a rapidly changing global context, where geopolitical shifts and regional challenges are reshaping the international landscape. He stressed the need for Afghanistan and Central Asia to navigate these challenges together, particularly in relation to the ongoing security dynamics in West Asia.
On the issue of Pakistan, Muttaqi reiterated Afghanistan’s commitment to resolving bilateral issues through dialogue and diplomacy, while safeguarding its sovereignty. “Afghanistan seeks peaceful resolutions based on mutual respect and dialogue, but we also retain the right to protect our territorial integrity,” he added.
Afghanistan’s Foreign Policy and Achievements
Outlining the key principles of Afghanistan’s foreign policy, Muttaqi emphasized the importance of balance, economic cooperation, and good neighborly relations. He noted that Afghanistan’s foreign policy framework has been centered on strengthening ties with its neighbors, particularly Central Asia, to foster regional stability and development.
Among Afghanistan’s notable achievements in recent years, he pointed to the establishment of a stable Islamic governance system, the elimination of widespread corruption, and the near-complete eradication of narcotics cultivation. He also highlighted the country’s economic policy, which aims to attract foreign investment and foster economic growth, particularly through trade with Central Asia.
Economic and Trade Cooperation
The dialogue also served as a platform to discuss economic cooperation, with Muttaqi sharing promising trade figures. In 2025, Afghanistan’s trade with Central Asia reached approximately $2.7 billion, marking a significant growth compared to previous years. The goal, he said, is to expand trade volume to $10 billion within the next 3-4 years.
Afghanistan’s strategic position, linking Central Asia to South and West Asia, positions it as a vital hub for regional trade. Key projects that were discussed included:
TAPI Gas Pipeline: Significant progress on the Herat–Turkmenistan border, with 120 km of pipeline ready for construction.
CASA-1000 Energy Project: Advancing energy transmission between Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan.
Lapis Lazuli Trade Route and Six-Nation Corridor: Prioritizing regional connectivity for enhanced trade.
Security and Border Cooperation
Another critical area of discussion was security and border cooperation. Afghanistan shares over 2,300 kilometers of borders with Central Asian countries, including Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan. The dialogue included discussions on joint security efforts, particularly in tackling cross-border threats such as drug trafficking, illegal migration, and extremism. The Afghan security forces’ efforts in maintaining stable borders were also highlighted as a key factor in ensuring regional security.
Proposals for Strengthening Regional Integration
Muttaqi proposed several measures to further strengthen regional cooperation:
1. Institutionalizing the Afghanistan–Central Asia Consultative Dialogue to meet regularly.
2. Organizing expert conferences to develop actionable cooperation roadmaps.
3. Creating a joint security framework to address shared regional challenges.
4. Coordinating efforts to combat climate change and address environmental concerns.
5. Expanding regional participation in initiatives like the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and Green Central Asia.
Conclusion: A New Era of Cooperation
In his closing remarks, Muttaqi expressed his gratitude to all participating nations for their support and commitment to the dialogue. He reaffirmed Afghanistan’s pragmatic and cooperative approach to regional engagement, calling the dialogue a historic step towards building a stable, prosperous, and interconnected region.
This inaugural Afghanistan–Central Asia Consultative Dialogue signals the beginning of a new chapter in regional cooperation, focused on shared economic growth, security, and sustainable development. With continued dialogue and collaboration, the nations of Central Asia and Afghanistan are set to chart a path towards a more integrated and prosperous future.
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Flash floods and natural disasters leave dozens dead, thousands affected across Afghanistan
The warning comes as Afghan authorities report significant losses caused by recent heavy rainfall and natural disasters across the country.
More than 31,000 people were affected by flash floods in Afghanistan in 2025, the United Nations Human Settlements Programme said on Sunday, warning that the country is increasingly vulnerable to climate-related disasters.
In a statement, the agency highlighted Afghanistan’s growing exposure to extreme weather events and stressed the urgent need for disaster-resilient infrastructure. The organization also noted that it is working with the Special Trust Fund for Afghanistan to help communities strengthen their ability to withstand future environmental shocks.
The warning comes as Afghan authorities report significant losses caused by recent heavy rainfall and natural disasters across the country.
According to Zabihullah Mujahid, at least 61 people have died and 116 others have been injured following severe weather and flooding in several provinces. Authorities say four people remain missing as search and rescue efforts continue.
The disasters have also caused widespread destruction to homes, farmland, and livestock. Mujahid said 2,448 houses were destroyed either completely or partially, leaving thousands of families displaced.
In addition, 26,841 acres of agricultural land were severely damaged, dealing a major blow to rural communities that depend heavily on farming and livestock for their livelihoods. Officials also confirmed that 1,045 livestock animals were killed during the storms.
Mujahid said the Islamic Emirate has mobilized available resources to support affected communities, emphasizing that relief efforts are underway to deliver emergency assistance such as shelter, medical supplies, and food to those impacted.
He added that alongside immediate humanitarian aid, authorities are also focusing on long-term reconstruction and recovery efforts to rebuild damaged infrastructure and restore livelihoods.
The United Nations has repeatedly warned that Afghanistan remains highly vulnerable to climate-related disasters, including floods, droughts, and landslides, which continue to threaten millions of people across the country.
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