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UN Security Council to review rising Afghanistan–Pakistan tensions
IEA officials last week accused Pakistan of carrying out new strikes in Khost, Kunar and Paktika, claiming women and children were among the casualties. Pakistan’s military denied responsibility.
The UN Security Council is expected to discuss escalating tensions between Afghanistan and Pakistan this month, as cross Durand Line clashes, airstrikes and militant attacks fuel growing fears of wider regional instability.
Diplomats say the situation will be raised during the Council’s quarterly briefing on Afghanistan, where senior UN officials from the UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) are set to present updates on security, humanitarian needs and political developments.
Friction between Islamabad and the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (IEA) has been building since the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) ended its ceasefire with Pakistan in late 2022.
The standoff escalated sharply in October when Afghan authorities accused Pakistan of launching strikes in Kabul and Paktika. Pakistan denies conducting the attacks but maintains that Afghan soil is being used for operations by the TTP—an allegation the IEA rejects.
A UN monitoring report released in July said the TTP continues to receive “substantial logistical and operational support” from inside Afghanistan.
In the days following the October accusations, fierce clashes erupted at multiple points along the Durand Line. Pakistan reportedly carried out airstrikes in Kabul and Kandahar provinces on 15 October, while skirmishes and retaliatory fire left both civilians and security personnel dead or injured.
UNAMA confirmed that at least 17 civilians were killed and more than 340 wounded in Spin Boldak, with additional casualties documented across Paktika, Kunar, Paktia and Helmand.
Ceasefire Holds, but Talks Stall
The two sides agreed to a 48-hour ceasefire on 15 October, later extended and formalised in Doha with mediation from Qatar and Türkiye. While largely holding, the truce has been punctuated by sporadic incidents, including a Pakistani airstrike in Paktika on 17 October and renewed exchanges of fire near Spin Boldak on 6 November.
IEA officials last week accused Pakistan of carrying out new strikes in Khost, Kunar and Paktika, claiming women and children were among the casualties. Pakistan’s military denied responsibility.
Negotiations in Doha have meanwhile stalled, with Pakistan pressing Kabul to take decisive action against the TTP. Pakistani Defence Minister Khawaja Muhammad Asif warned in late October of the possibility of “open war” if no agreement is reached.
Tensions have been further aggravated by militant attacks inside Pakistan. Two suicide bombings on 11 and 12 November killed 15 people, including one outside a courthouse in Islamabad. Pakistan has blamed Afghan nationals and again accused the IEA of enabling militants. Afghan authorities dismiss the allegations.
Humanitarian crisis deepens
The widening security rift comes as Afghanistan faces one of the world’s most severe humanitarian crises. OCHA estimates that 22.9 million people—over half the population—required assistance in 2025.
This year’s mass return of nearly two million Afghans from Iran and Pakistan has placed immense pressure on crossing facilities and aid networks. A series of deadly earthquakes since August has also compounded the suffering.
Council weighs response
With the ceasefire fragile and talks at an impasse, UN Security Council members are expected to consider their options. Diplomats say one proposal under discussion is a resolution urging both sides to avoid further escalation, recommit to dialogue, and respect counter-terrorism obligations—including halting any support to the TTP.
UNAMA’s mandate runs until 17 March 2026, and officials are expected to brief the Council on the security situation, humanitarian constraints, and ongoing political engagement efforts, including the Doha process.
As the areas along the disputed Durand Line remain volatile, analysts warn that even a limited miscalculation could quickly widen the conflict—heightening risks for civilians and complicating UN efforts to stabilise the region.
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Russia calls for broad engagement with Afghan authorities
Russia has urged the international community to adopt a comprehensive and non-politicized approach toward Afghanistan, emphasizing dialogue, regional cooperation, and practical support to stabilize the country and prevent further security deterioration.
Speaking at a recent UN Security Council meeting, Russia’s Permanent Representative, Vassily Nebenzia, said that contrary to Western predictions following the withdrawal of foreign troops, Afghanistan did not collapse. He argued that despite ongoing sanctions, Afghan authorities are making efforts to address long-standing challenges and pursue regional cooperation aimed at building a self-reliant state, though he acknowledged the process would take time and require international support.
Nebenzia said Russia continues to back the UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and supports initiatives such as the Doha Process, which promotes engagement with the Islamic Emirate and Afghanistan’s gradual reintegration into global affairs. He stressed that constructive dialogue with the Afghan authorities is essential and warned against what he described as pressure, ultimatums, or sanctions-driven approaches, saying these could harden positions and undermine UN efforts on the ground.
The Russian envoy said regional players, including members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), share the view that engagement is the only viable path forward.
He also called for progress on unfreezing Afghan assets and expanding development assistance, warning that failure to do so could lead to a further drawdown of the UN presence in the country.
On security, Nebenzia expressed concern about ongoing terrorist threats, particularly from Islamic State Khorasan Province (ISKP), also known as Daesh, noting that the group continues to receive external funding and recruit foreign fighters, including individuals with combat experience from Syria and Iraq.
He also raised alarm over uncertainty surrounding weapons left behind by NATO forces and warned of the growing production of synthetic drugs, which he said is closely linked to terrorism.
Nebenzia said Russia supports dialogue between Afghanistan and Pakistan amid rising tensions linked to militant activity, urging both sides to expand cooperation, especially on counterterrorism.
He also highlighted the worsening socio-economic situation in Afghanistan and praised humanitarian agencies for continuing their work despite funding cuts. Russia, he said, remains engaged in providing assistance and expanding cooperation with Afghanistan in political, security, and economic fields.
The Russian envoy reiterated Moscow’s support for the rights of all Afghans and the formation of an inclusive government, calling for respect for fundamental freedoms, including access to education and employment, without discrimination.
Nebenzia concluded by urging the UN to engage with Afghanistan’s “real authorities” to help resolve the country’s challenges and support its reintegration into the international community.
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Afghanistan’s public health minister begins official visit to India
Afghanistan’s Minister of Public Health, Noor Jalal Jalali, has embarked on an official visit to India at the invitation of the Indian government, leading a delegation from the ministry.
In a statement, the Ministry of Public Health said the visit is aimed at strengthening health cooperation between the two countries, promoting the exchange of expertise, and coordinating joint health programs.
During the trip, Jalali is expected to hold meetings with Indian officials, particularly those from the health sector, and take part in a series of pre-arranged engagements.
Discussions will focus on capacity building for Afghan health workers, the import of standard medicines to Afghanistan, access to medical equipment, and other areas of cooperation.
The ministry said the visit is intended to open a new chapter in health collaboration between Afghanistan and India, with a focus on improving healthcare services and professional development.
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IEA supreme leader stresses enforcement of Sharia law and sincere public service
Hamdullah Fitrat said Akhundzada delivered the remarks during a three-day reform seminar held in Kandahar, attended by officials from various ministries and government institutions.
The Supreme Leader of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (IEA), Hibatullah Akhundzada, has emphasized the need for strict implementation of Sharia law and the need for sincere public service by government officials, according to a statement from the group’s deputy spokesperson.
Hamdullah Fitrat said Akhundzada delivered the remarks during a three-day reform seminar held in Kandahar, attended by officials from various ministries and government institutions.
During his address, the IEA leader stressed that the laws of the Islamic Emirate are derived from Islamic teachings and are not based on the views or opinions of a limited number of individuals. He underscored that all state affairs must be conducted in accordance with Sharia principles to strengthen the governing system.
Fitrat added that Akhundzada also highlighted the responsibility of the government to protect the rights of vulnerable groups, including orphans, widows, people with disabilities, the poor, migrants, and prisoners. He described providing services and education for these groups as a core duty of the state.
The IEA leader further urged officials to serve the public with sincerity, compassion, and integrity, calling on them to pay close attention to the needs and concerns of the population and to carry out their duties in line with Islamic law.
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