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Iranian and Saudi foreign ministers meet in China in restoration of diplomatic ties

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The foreign ministers of Iran and Saudi Arabia met in Beijing on Thursday for the first formal gathering of their top diplomats in more than seven years, after China brokered a deal to restore relations between the top regional powers, Reuters reported.

After years of hostility that fuelled conflicts across the Middle East, Iran and Saudi Arabia agreed to end their diplomatic rift and reopen diplomatic missions in a significant deal facilitated by China last month.

In brief footage broadcast on Iranian state TV, Prince Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud and his Iranian counterpart, Hossein Amirabdollahian, greeted each other before sitting down side by side.

Saudi Arabia and Iran, the Gulf’s dominant Sunni Muslim and Shi’ite Muslim powers respectively, said in a joint statement they would launch arrangements to reopen embassies and consulates within the two-month period stipulated in the deal.

“The technical teams will continue coordination to examine ways of expanding cooperation including the resumption of flights and bilateral visits of official and private sector delegations and facilitating the granting of visas for the citizens of the two countries,” they said.

In a tweet, Iran’s Amirabdollahian said the Thursday meeting with his Saudi counterpart was “positive”, adding that “the emphasis on stability and sustainable security” were among the issues agreed upon and “on the common agenda”.

In March, Chinese President Xi Jinping helped broker the surprise deal in a display of Beijing’s growing influence in the Middle East. China’s role in the breakthrough shook up dynamics in a conflict-ridden region where the United States has for decades been the main mediator.

The detente between the Sunni kingdom and the revolutionary Shi’ite theocracy could help stabilise the Middle East, where the two sides have supported sectarian proxy forces that are either at daggers drawn or openly at war.

Saudi Arabia cut ties with Iran in 2016 after its embassy in Tehran was stormed during a dispute between the two countries over Riyadh’s execution of a Shi’ite cleric.

The relationship began worsening a year earlier, after Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates intervened in Yemen’s war, where the Iran-aligned Houthi movement had ousted a Saudi-backed government and taken over the capital Sanaa.

It is unclear whether the restoration of diplomatic relations could help bolster peace-making in Yemen, where Saudi Arabia has been in tough talks with the Houthis on a permanent ceasefire.

However, the rapprochement could mean improved security for Saudi Arabia as it pursues its vast Vision 2030 project to modernise and diversify its long oil-dependent economy. The kingdom has accused Iran of arming the Houthis, who launched missiles and drones at Saudi cities and oil facilities.

In 2019, Riyadh blamed an attack on Aramco oil facilities, which knocked out half of its oil output, directly on the Islamic Republic. Iran denied those accusations, Reuters reported.

Tehran and Riyadh, according to the joint statement, underlined the importance of reviving a security pact signed in 2001, under which both sides agreed to cooperate to tackle terrorism, drug-smuggling and money-laundering, as well as a trade and technology pact from 1998.

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Iran says US voted ‘No to War’ after Republican midterm losses

The comments came after US President Donald Trump acknowledged that the war with Iran and rising petrol prices had contributed to the Republicans’ poor election performance.

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Iran’s chief negotiator and parliament speaker, Mohammed Bagher Ghalibaf, has said American voters sent a clear message against war following major Republican losses in the US midterm elections, declaring that Tehran endorses their position.
 
“We endorse this message,” Ghalibaf wrote on X, referring to the election results.
 
He warned that if Washington ignored public opposition to the conflict in favour of outside interests, it would face serious consequences.
 
The comments came after US President Donald Trump acknowledged that the war with Iran and rising petrol prices had contributed to the Republicans’ poor election performance.
 
Speaking to Fox News, Trump said Iran had played a part in the results, adding that while many Americans supported his approach, they were less willing to bear the immediate financial consequences of higher fuel prices.
 
In a separate interview with CBS News, Trump said the conflict would end “when I say it ends”.
 
Trump has also warned that the United States and Israel could resume large-scale military operations against Iran if negotiations fail to produce an agreement.
 
Iran’s Supreme Leader Mojtaba Khamenei, who has not appeared in public since reportedly being seriously wounded in an Israeli air strike that killed his predecessor and father, Ali Khamenei, warned that any renewed conflict would have much wider consequences.
 
He also dismissed expectations of a change in US policy towards Iran, describing such hopes as a serious miscalculation.
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Saudi, Syrian defence ministries sign cooperation agreement

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Saudi Arabia and Syria signed a cooperation agreement between the two countries’ defense ministries on Wednesday, Saudi state ​news agency SPA reported, as Yemen’s Iran-aligned Houthi group continues ‌its missile and drone attacks on the kingdom.

The agreement was signed during a visit by Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa to Riyadh, where he met ​Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. It was their ​second meeting in Saudi Arabia in less than a ⁠month, according to Reuters.

No details were provided on what the agreement entails. Reuters ​reported last month that Syria was carefully weighing providing military assistance to ​Saudi Arabia amid the kingdom’s escalating war against the Houthis in Yemen.

A Syrian diplomat said at the time that any request for military cooperation or ​exchange of expertise “would take place exclusively through official channels and ​within the framework of the bilateral agreements governing relations between our two brotherly ‌countries.”

Saudi ⁠Arabia has been requesting assistance far and wide, from the US to Europe and the Middle East, for both defensive and offensive support in a renewed war against the Houthis.

The two countries ​also signed several ​other agreements during ⁠Sharaa’s visit to Saudi Arabia. The kingdom has been providing financial assistance to Syria and played ​a key role in re-establishing Damascus’ ties with ​world ⁠powers after the overthrow of Bashar al-Assad.

The Saudi Fund for Development signed six agreements with Syria’s Finance Ministry on Wednesday for the ⁠provision of ​concessional development loans worth over $403 million ​to support development and service sectors in Syria, the Syrian ministry said.

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Iran says contacts over ending war continue after talks finish with no breakthrough

On Monday, Trump said Iran wants to make a deal to end the war and that such an agreement “could happen.” He did not immediately provide details.

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Contacts between Iran and the United States to end their eight-month war are continuing, Tehran said on Monday, after days of Iranian talks with Qatari mediators ended with altered proposals but no breakthrough.

“Consultations through mediators ​are very intensive. We have presented our conditions and proposals and everything depends on the political rationality of Washington,” Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi said in ‌comments carried by state media outlet IRNA.

Amid fears the conflict could reignite after Tuesday’s midterm elections in the United States, China and Russia both spoke out on Monday against the possibility of renewed military action in a war that has hit the global economy.

While oil prices fell nearly 4% on Monday on hopes that the latest round of mediation could lead to a diplomatic solution to the crisis, Iranian ​sources said they believed a new US attack was still more likely than a deal.

Iran’s Foreign Ministry spokesperson Esmaeil Baghaei said the plan Iran had submitted in September to ​end the war remained the focus of discussions, but he confirmed comments attributed to Araqchi on Saturday that the proposal could be shortened.

“The basis ⁠of dialogue and talks between Iran and the US via mediators is still Iran’s seven-step proposal, which is now condensed, making it possible to implement it within two days,” he said.

US President ​Donald Trump rejected the seven-step proposal in September.

The plan would call for the US to end its blockade on Iranian ports, Iran to reopen the Strait of Hormuz waterway, a US waiver ​on Iranian oil sales, the cancellation of new sanctions on Iran and then talks on other issues.

Baghaei reiterated that condensing the plan would not change Iran’s underlying stance that a return to talks on the country’s nuclear programme could only happen after it verified that all its conditions were met.

Asked whether the possibility of transferring Iran’s highly enriched uranium stockpile to another country was raised in the talks, and whether Iran might agree to that, ​he said no.

An official briefed on the talks said Iran’s negotiators had left on Sunday but not because of any problems in the talks, and added that a draft proposal was ​being circulated without elaborating.

Qatari mediators traveled to Tehran on Monday night for talks with Araqchi on a version of the draft US-Iran deal that has been under negotiation for the past eight days, an official briefed ‌on the ⁠talks said.

On Monday, Trump said Iran wants to make a deal to end the war and that such an agreement “could happen.” He did not immediately provide details.

The war, which the US and Israel launched suddenly on February 28, has led to Iran’s closure of the key Strait of Hormuz waterway, the US blockade on Iranian ports, repeated bouts of Iranian drone and missile fire on Gulf states and renewed conflict in Yemen.

Trump has repeatedly said there would be no new attack on Iran before Tuesday’s midterm elections. Iran has said it will respond to any resumed ​attack aggressively with plans to strike targets both ​within and outside the Middle East.

China’s Foreign ⁠Minister Wang Yi said on Monday that all parties to the conflict should focus on political solutions rather than resorting to arms again, after a meeting with senior Iranian security official Ali Bagheri Kani in Beijing.

China, a major customer for Gulf energy products, is engaging more actively in ​Middle East diplomacy this week, hosting Oman’s Sultan Haitham bin Tariq al-Said, whose country flanks the southern side of the Strait of Hormuz.

Wang ​also met Saudi Arabia’s national ⁠security advisor Musaed bin Mohammed al-Aiban in Beijing on Monday, China’s Foreign Ministry said, adding that all sides should work to safeguard regional energy and shipping lane security.

In Moscow, the Russian Foreign Ministry said reports of new military action against Iran were a cause for extreme concern and called for increased diplomatic efforts.

Russian President Vladimir Putin spoke by phone with Iran’s top security official Mohsen Rezaei on Monday, Iranian ⁠state media ​reported.

Underscoring the risks to global energy supply, a Qatari liquefied natural gas (LNG) tanker was struck in the Gulf by ​unidentified objects on Friday, its operator Nakilat said on Sunday.

While attacks on oil tankers in the Gulf and Red Sea have been common during the conflict, attacks on LNG carriers have been rare, with the last reported incident with a ​Qatari tanker happening in early July.

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