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Over 5.2 million Afghans return from Iran, Pakistan in 2025; IFRC warns of growing crisis
According to the Afghan Red Crescent Society (ARCS), the highest daily influx of returnees from Pakistan was recorded in November.
More than 5.2 million Afghans have returned home from neighbouring Iran and Pakistan since the beginning of 2025, placing unprecedented strain on an already fragile humanitarian situation, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) said in a new report.
According to IFRC, the massive wave of returnees and deportees between January and the end of November 2025 represents one of the largest population movements in Afghanistan’s recent history. Of the total, over 3.6 million Afghans returned from Iran alone, including at least 1.2 million who were forcibly deported.
The report noted that the bulk of returns began after April 1, reflecting intensified policy enforcement in host countries. Despite the onset of winter—traditionally a period of reduced movement—return numbers have remained high, particularly from Iran, indicating that protection concerns and policy pressures are outweighing seasonal constraints.
Returns from Pakistan
Citing data from the International Organization for Migration (IOM), IFRC said that between January 1 and November 30, 2025, an estimated 804,830 Afghans returned from Pakistan, with around 116,100—about 14 percent—deported.
Pakistan launched the second phase of its Illegal Foreigners Repatriation Plan (IFRP) in April 2025, targeting undocumented Afghans and holders of Afghan Citizen Cards. In July, the plan was expanded to include Proof of Registration card holders, and the end of the grace period on August 31 further heightened fear and uncertainty among Afghan communities.
According to the Afghan Red Crescent Society (ARCS), the highest daily influx of returnees from Pakistan was recorded in November. Most crossed through the Torkham crossing in Nangarhar and Spin Boldak in Kandahar, with smaller numbers entering through Angur Ada in Paktika and unofficial routes in Helmand.
Sustained Returns from Iran
IFRC reported that returns from Iran remained substantial throughout 2025, accounting for nearly 65 percent of all returnees recorded during the year. More than 1.8 million Afghans returned from Iran, arriving mainly through key border points such as Islam Qala and Milak–Zaranj.
The peak of returns occurred mid-year, driven by the expiry of temporary residency arrangements and intensified enforcement measures. Many returnees arrived with limited belongings, placing immediate pressure on reception facilities and essential services in border provinces.
Although daily crossings declined after the mid-year peak, IFRC said returns continued at scale through late 2025, compounding Afghanistan’s humanitarian needs.
Concerns in Tajikistan
The report also raised alarm over the situation in Tajikistan, where borders remain open only to Afghans holding valid passports and visas. At the same time, IFRC noted that arbitrary deportations—including of recognized refugees and asylum-seekers—have been reported, fueling anxiety and distress within Afghan communities.
IFRC warned that the surge in returns has placed severe pressure on host communities inside Afghanistan, many of which are struggling with poverty, limited shelter, food insecurity, and inadequate access to healthcare and protection services.
The organization urged sustained international support to address the growing humanitarian emergency and to ensure safe, dignified, and voluntary returns for Afghan migrants.
In December 2025, Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan said that 2.8 million Afghan migrants and citizens returned during the year. Their repatriation was efficiently managed, with essential services provided and residential settlements being distributed to support returnees.
These achievements underscore the IEA’s efforts to advance diplomacy, strengthen security, manage natural resources, support vulnerable communities, and facilitate the safe return of Afghan migrants.
International Sports
Mexico and South Africa set to open historic 2026 World Cup
Historically, Mexico has enjoyed the upper hand between the two nations, winning two of their previous four meetings. South Africa has won once, while the teams shared the points in their memorable World Cup encounter in 2010.
The FIFA World Cup 2026 gets underway on Thursday as co-hosts Mexico take on South Africa in the opening match of the tournament at the iconic Estadio Azteca in Mexico City.
The Group A clash marks the start of the largest World Cup in history, with 48 teams competing across the United States, Canada and Mexico over the next 39 days.
The opening fixture also rekindles memories of the 2010 World Cup curtain-raiser in Johannesburg, when South Africa and Mexico played to a 1-1 draw in the first World Cup ever held on African soil.
More than 80,000 spectators are expected at Estadio Azteca, which will become the first stadium to host the opening match of three World Cups, having previously staged the tournament openers in 1970 and 1986.
Mexico enters the competition as one of the favourites to advance from Group A, which also includes South Korea and the Czech Republic. Ranked 14th in the world, El Tri will be looking to capitalize on home support and continue an eight-match unbeaten run.
Head coach Javier Aguirre’s side arrives in strong form after recent victories over Ghana, Australia and Serbia in warm-up matches.
South Africa, meanwhile, returns to the World Cup for the first time since 2010 and will be making just its fourth appearance at the global showpiece. Despite being ranked 60th in the world, Bafana Bafana coach Hugo Broos believes his side can challenge the hosts.
“For us, it will be a fantastic experience,” Broos said ahead of the match. “It is very important that we stick to our game plan and focus on what happens on the field.”
South Africa’s preparations were disrupted by visa delays that affected several members of the traveling party, but the team will hope to frustrate Mexico as they did 16 years ago.
Historically, Mexico has enjoyed the upper hand between the two nations, winning two of their previous four meetings. South Africa has won once, while the teams shared the points in their memorable World Cup encounter in 2010.
The match will be preceded by an opening ceremony featuring international music stars, including Colombian singer Shakira, as football’s biggest tournament begins its latest chapter.
Probable lineups
Mexico: Raul Rangel; Jesus Gallardo, Johan Vasquez, Cesar Montes, Israel Reyes; Brian Gutierrez, Erik Lira, Alvaro Fidalgo; Julian Quinones, Roberto Alvarado, Raul Jimenez.
South Africa: Ronwen Williams; Khuliso Mudau, Ime Okon, Mbekezeli Mbokazi, Aubrey Modiba; Teboho Mokoena, Sphephelo Sithole, Thalente Mbatha; Tshepang Moremi, Lyle Foster, Oswin Appollis.
Kickoff is scheduled for 11:30 pm Kabul time and the match will be broadcast live across Afghanistan exclusively on Ariana Television and Ariana FM radio.
Fans however, can tune in from 10:30 pm for a pre-match show.
Latest News
Russia backs revival of SCO-Afghanistan Contact Group
Russia has expressed support for reviving the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)-Afghanistan Contact Group, saying there is broad backing among SCO member states for renewed engagement with Afghanistan through the regional body.
Speaking at a briefing, Russia’s Special Representative for SCO Affairs, Bakhtiyor Khakimov, said Moscow maintains stable relations with Kabul and views the resumption of the contact group’s activities as an important step toward strengthening regional cooperation.
“We believe the SCO-Afghanistan Contact Group, which was established in 2007, should resume its activities,” Khakimov said. “This understanding generally prevails within the organization.”
Khakimov noted that efforts to revive the mechanism gained momentum during special consultations on Afghanistan held in Dushanbe in September last year at the initiative of Tajikistan. Participants agreed to examine possible ways to restart the group and enhance coordination on Afghanistan-related issues.
He acknowledged that procedural challenges remain, as the contact group is traditionally co-chaired by the deputy foreign minister of the SCO’s rotating chair country and a representative from Afghanistan.
Because not all SCO member states have formally recognized the current authorities in Kabul, Khakimov said progress toward reactivating the mechanism is likely to be gradual.
Latest News
Afghanistan-Pakistan dialogue held in Türkiye amid efforts to ease tensions
Representatives from Afghanistan and Pakistan met in Istanbul this week for the second round of the Afghanistan-Pakistan Track 1.5 Dialogue Process, as both sides seek to improve communication amid ongoing tensions between the neighboring countries.
The talks, held on June 8-9, were organized by the Turkish humanitarian organization IHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation and brought together participants in what organizers described as a constructive and cordial atmosphere.
According to IHH, the dialogue aims to promote mutual understanding, build trust and encourage cooperation between Afghanistan and Pakistan, with the broader goal of supporting regional stability and prosperity.
The organization said the process provides an informal platform for discussion and engagement between the two countries and could help strengthen communication on issues of shared concern.
Türkiye and Qatar also played facilitating roles in the dialogue.
IHH expressed hope that continued meetings would contribute to reducing tensions, expanding cooperation and fostering greater understanding between the two sides.
The discussions come at a time when relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan remain strained over a range of political and security issues.
The meeting also follows recent Pakistani air strikes inside Afghanistan that, according to Afghan officials, killed 13 civilians, including children, and injured 14 others.
Despite ongoing challenges in bilateral relations, organizers said continued dialogue remains important for addressing differences and promoting constructive engagement between the two neighboring countries.
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