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Islamic Emirate’s narcotics policy has ‘devastated’ livelihoods in rural areas: ICG
Farmers have lost an estimated $1.3 billion annually, or eight percent of GDP in 2023.
The International Crisis Group (ICG) has said the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan’s (IEA) anti-drug policies provide an opportunity to stabilize the country’s economy although it has “devastated livelihoods in rural areas”.
ICG, an international think-tank, said in a report published Thursday, titled ‘Trouble In Afghanistan’s Opium Fields: The Taliban War On Drugs’, that the Islamic Emirate’s ban has been “one of the most successful poppy elimination efforts in modern history.”
Late last year, the UN Office on Drugs and Crime said opium cultivation fell throughout the country to just 10,800 hectares in 2023 from 233,000 hectares the previous year, slashing supply by 95 percent following the Islamic Emirate’s ban on all cultivation of opium poppy in April 2022.
However, the report warns that as long as rural Afghans lack alternative livelihood opportunities, the likelihood of large-scale displacement and rising emigration will remain high.
The international think tank, known for policymaking advisories, said: “Making the narcotics policy (of the interim administration) sustainable and equitable will require a multilateral effort between Afghanistan and the outside world.”
“In the meantime, the Taliban (IEA) should adopt more lenient measures as it implements its eradication campaign to enable the poorest farmers and those most impacted by the ban to gradually transition away from the poppy as a cash crop,” ICG stated.
“The anti-drug initiative is in many foreign actors’ interest, creating opportunities for donors to support Afghanistan’s economic stabilization” – ICG
However, legal crops will not offer sufficient employment, so the focus should be on job creation in non-farm industries, the group suggested.
ICG also stated that the ban’s future is uncertain; although the Islamic Emirate is adamant about implementing it, “it could collapse under the weight of economic hardship.”
“Foreign donors, who have much to gain from reduced drug production in Afghanistan, should harness the Taliban’s (IEA) zeal for counter-narcotics and encourage licit economic growth. In the meantime, the Taliban should consider the welfare of the poorest farmers and implement a phased approach to the ban.”
By UN estimates, the halt to opium farming has affected the livelihoods of almost seven million people and while underworld kingpins and big landowners have thrived under the ban, reaping the benefits of skyrocketing prices by selling stockpiles, many farmers have suffered.
Farmers have lost an estimated $1.3 billion annually, or eight percent of GDP in 2023.
Farm work remains the biggest source of employment for Afghan women and the ban has hit them especially hard and the economic shock has been compounded by the Islamic Emirate’s limited capacity to offer farmers and rural workers alternatives.
“Many switched to cultivating wheat or cotton, but struggle to make ends meet. Development of licit agriculture would require more irrigation, cold storage facilities and better roads. The Taliban does not have the budget to develop such infrastructure.
“Meanwhile, the opium price has soared, tempting farmers to flout the ban,” ICG said.
“While the Taliban’s measures have shaken the drug sector to its very foundations, the future of the ban remains in doubt.
“Some experts predict that its economic impact will force the Taliban to backtrack on a signature policy. Of course, it is also possible that the Taliban leadership will remain stubborn and steadfast,” ICG stated.
The group stated that support could focus on rural development, agricultural support, water conservation and investments in agro-processing.
“But the reality is that a drug-free agricultural sector will not provide enough jobs, so the country needs a development plan focusing more broadly on non-farm employment, including for women.”
ICG stated that a full transition away from the dependence on narcotics as a cash crop will take time. Instead, the Islamic Emirate “should show a bit of leniency.”
“Adopting more lenient practices such as turning a blind eye to small garden plots of poppy and cannabis would give the poorest farmers a better chance of survival in the coming years. Farmers selling tiny amounts of opium for prices hundreds of times higher than what is paid for other crops would give them a lifeline without jeopardizing the ban’s overall objectives,” the report stated.
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China, Afghanistan seek solutions to boost investor confidence
Azizi reaffirmed Afghanistan’s readiness to deepen cooperation, saying the government is committed to providing greater support and streamlined facilities for Chinese businesses.
Afghanistan and China are stepping up efforts to strengthen economic cooperation and resolve challenges faced by Chinese investors operating in the country.
Minister of Industry and Commerce Nooruddin Azizi held talks with the Chinese Ambassador and Commercial Attaché, where the diplomats outlined key obstacles hindering their investors. They urged closer coordination to ensure smoother business operations and to expand bilateral economic engagement.
Azizi reaffirmed Afghanistan’s readiness to deepen cooperation, saying the government is committed to providing greater support and streamlined facilities for Chinese businesses.
Officials from the Ministry of Industry and Commerce said the discussions mark an important step toward enhancing trade ties and building stronger economic partnerships between Kabul and Beijing.
Economic experts note that both domestic and foreign investment remain crucial to Afghanistan’s economic recovery. They stress that government institutions—particularly the Ministry of Industry and Commerce—must prioritize addressing the concerns of individuals and companies working in the country.
Private-sector representatives agree, adding that increased investment will help ease economic pressures and improve the overall business environment.
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US reviews green cards from 19 countries; Suspends Afghan-related processing
In a parallel move, DHS has frozen Afghan immigration cases and is reviewing asylum approvals granted under the Biden Administration.
The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has initiated a sweeping review of green cards issued to individuals from 19 “countries of concern,” while the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has indefinitely halted the processing of Afghan-related immigration requests.
USCIS Director Joe Edlow confirmed on X that the agency will re-examine all permanent resident cards granted to nationals of the 19 countries listed in President Donald Trump’s June Presidential Proclamation.
The countries include Afghanistan, Iran, Libya, Somalia, Yemen, Venezuela, Myanmar, and others where U.S. officials say document verification and security assessments remain challenging.
Edlow said the review will evaluate “negative, country-specific factors,” including the credibility and reliability of identity documents produced by these nations.
In a parallel move, DHS has frozen Afghan immigration cases and is reviewing asylum approvals granted under the Biden Administration.
Trump has framed the policy as part of a broader effort to “permanently pause migration from all Third World Countries,” revoke federal benefits for noncitizens, and increase denaturalization actions against individuals deemed security risks.
Supporters of the administration’s approach argue that heightened scrutiny is necessary for national security. Critics, however, warn that the measures could trigger mass delays, denials, and potential revocations of legal status for thousands of residents and applicants.
The new rules, implemented immediately on November 27, will significantly increase immigration screening for nationals of the 19 designated countries.
Employers with foreign staff from these regions have been advised to closely monitor the immigration status of affected employees, as the policy shift may lead to prolonged uncertainty and additional compliance challenges.
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Qatari PM: Dialogue with non-state actors key to regional peace
He also criticised political figures who, he said, distort Qatar’s role for domestic gain, despite its mediation leading to hostage releases, humanitarian pauses, and ceasefires.
Qatar’s Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani urged direct engagement with non-state actors as essential to resolving conflicts across the region, from Afghanistan to Gaza.
Speaking at the 23rd Doha Forum, he said peace efforts cannot succeed if major actors on the ground are excluded. “You cannot reach a solution if no one is speaking to non-state actors,” he told a session moderated by US journalist Tucker Carlson.
Sheikh Mohammed noted that Qatar’s mediation model—used in Afghan peace talks and repeated ceasefire efforts in Gaza—is built on facilitating communication between all sides. He revealed that both Hamas and the Taliban opened political offices in Doha at the request of the United States to maintain reliable channels for negotiations.
Addressing accusations that Qatari aid to Gaza was diverted to Hamas, he stressed that all funds were delivered transparently to civilians, with oversight from the US and coordination with Israel.
He also criticised political figures who, he said, distort Qatar’s role for domestic gain, despite its mediation leading to hostage releases, humanitarian pauses, and ceasefires.
The Qatari PM condemned Israel’s strike on Qatari territory in September as an “unprecedented” breach of diplomatic norms and said reconstruction of Gaza must be the responsibility of those who caused the destruction.
This year’s Doha Forum brings together more than 5,000 participants from 162 countries to discuss conflict resolution, humanitarian crises, and global governance.
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