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Tehran governor says 1.4 million Afghans deported in six months
Many returnees arrive with very few belongings; some are exhausted, traumatized, or in need of urgent assistance.
Tehran’s governor, Mohammad Sadegh Motamedian, has announced that around 1.4 million undocumented Afghan nationals have been deported from Iran in the past six months, since the start of the Persian year.
Motamedian said the large-scale removals have freed up more than 3,000 classrooms and contributed to a 30–35 percent drop in rental prices, easing pressure on Tehran’s already strained housing and education sectors. He added that a second phase of deportations would begin this week, aimed at what he described as a “comprehensive resolution” of the issue of illegal foreigners.
Iran has hosted millions of Afghans since the early 1980s, when the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan triggered one of the region’s largest refugee movements.
Over the decades, successive waves of conflict—including civil war, Taliban rule, the U.S.-led intervention, and now ongoing instability under the Islamic Emirate—have kept Afghans crossing into Iran in search of safety and work.
According to the UN, Iran currently hosts over three million Afghans, many of them without legal status. While Iranian authorities have repeatedly emphasized the burden on public services, international organizations have expressed concern over the humanitarian impact of mass deportations, particularly as Afghanistan struggles with widespread poverty, food insecurity, and limited capacity to absorb returnees.
The vast number of returning refugees has however impacted Afghanistan’s local systems, which have come under severe strain. Services, such as housing, healthcare, and food) in border provinces are now overstretched.
Many returnees arrive with very few belongings; some are exhausted, traumatized, or in need of urgent assistance.
There is meanwhile growing concern among organizations that unless funding increases the humanitarian situation could worsen further – especially as winter looms.
IOM reports that over 1.5 million Afghans have returned to Afghanistan from Iran alone since the start of 2025.
Last month, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) reported that over four million Afghans have returned from Pakistan and Iran since September 2023. So far this year the total is over 2.3 million combined from the two countries.
Some sources put the number for both countries combined even higher. For example, one IOM update last week states the total in two years has been 2.7 million returns from Iran and Pakistan.
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Renovation of Afghanistan–Iran border markers to begin in the near future
Afghanistan’s Minister of Borders and Tribal Affairs, Noorullah Noori, has announced that the long-delayed demarcation and renovation of border markers along the Afghanistan–Iran frontier will officially begin in the near future.
According to a statement from the ministry, Noori made the remarks during a meeting with Iran’s ambassador to Kabul, Ali-Reza Bikdeli.
He assured the Iranian side that the Islamic Emirate is fully committed to accelerating the process and resolving any challenges that may arise during implementation.
In a separate statement, the Iranian Embassy in Kabul said Bikdeli underscored the importance of bilateral cooperation on border issues, describing it as a key factor in strengthening and expanding overall relations between the two countries.
Officials from both sides agreed nearly three months ago to resume the border-marker renovation project, which had remained stalled for the past seven years.
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Afghanistan faces worsening water crisis as millions return home
Around 80% of Kabul’s groundwater is unsafe, and nearly half of the city’s wells have already dried up, the report stated. Experts warn the city’s aquifers could be depleted by 2030.
Afghanistan is confronting a severe water crisis as millions of Afghans return from neighbouring countries, stretching an already fragile water system to its limits.
In an investigation by The Independent, the news outlet found the country has seen weak snowfall this season, with groundwater levels dropping and dams such as the Qargha Dam at risk of running low.
Around 80% of Kabul’s groundwater is unsafe, and nearly half of the city’s wells have already dried up, the report stated. Experts warn the city’s aquifers could be depleted by 2030.
Since 2023, more than five million Afghans have returned from Iran and Pakistan, putting additional pressure on water infrastructure. A Mercy Corps assessment found that three-quarters of households in districts hosting returnees report difficulty accessing clean water.
Prolonged droughts, coupled with aid cuts from countries including the US and UK, have worsened the crisis. Save the Children has reported disruptions to health, education, and clean water services affecting hundreds of thousands. NGOs warn that without significant investment in water infrastructure and improved management, entire neighbourhoods could face displacement.
“The situation is critical but not hopeless,” said Mercy Corps’ Marianna von Zahn. “Afghans are resilient, and communities are already implementing water rationing and exploring water-saving solutions, but urgent support is needed.”
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Sheikha Al Mayassa unveils Empire of Light: Visions and Voices of Afghanistan
Featuring nearly 150 artefacts, the exhibition brings together archaeological objects, metalwork, glass, manuscripts, textiles, and architectural elements that reflect the country’s rich and diverse cultural legacy.
A major exhibition highlighting more than 5,000 years of Afghanistan’s history, culture, and artistic heritage has opened at the Museum of Islamic Art in Doha under the title Empire of Light: Visions and Voices of Afghanistan.
The exhibition was inaugurated by Sheikha Al Mayassa bint Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani and will run from February 2 to May 30, 2026. It presents a sweeping narrative of Afghanistan’s past, tracing its role as a crossroads of civilizations, cultures, and ideas from ancient times to the modern era.
Featuring nearly 150 artefacts, the exhibition brings together archaeological objects, metalwork, glass, manuscripts, textiles, and architectural elements that reflect the country’s rich and diverse cultural legacy. The displays explore key historical periods, including the pre-Islamic era, the rise and spread of Islam, and later artistic and cultural developments.
A central theme of the exhibition is heritage preservation. Large-scale wooden architectural models of historic Afghan sites and monuments highlight ongoing conservation and restoration efforts, offering insight into the country’s architectural traditions and craftsmanship.
Organised both thematically and chronologically, Empire of Light aims to challenge narrow perceptions of Afghanistan by presenting its long-standing contributions to global culture, learning, and artistic expression. The exhibition also emphasizes the resilience of Afghan heritage despite decades of conflict and upheaval.
Through immersive displays and carefully curated works, Empire of Light: Visions and Voices of Afghanistan offers visitors a deeper understanding of the country’s historical significance and enduring cultural identity.
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