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Why is Afghanistan so prone to earthquakes?
Eastern and northeastern Afghanistan, especially regions along its borders with Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Pakistan, are particularly prone to earthquakes.
A 6.3-magnitude earthquake struck near the northern Afghan city of Mazar-e Sharif early on Monday, killing at least seven people and injuring about 150, just months after a quake and strong aftershocks killed more than 2,200 people at the end of August.
Here is a look at why the war-shattered South Asian country experiences frequent tremors, and how their impact can be reduced:
ARE EARTHQUAKES COMMON IN AFGHANISTAN?
Hemmed in by rugged mountains, Afghanistan is prone to a range of natural disasters, but its earthquakes cause the most fatalities, killing about 560 people on average each year and causing annual damages estimated at $80 million.
Studies indicate at least 355 earthquakes with a magnitude higher than 5.0 have hit Afghanistan since 1990.
WHY IS AFGHANISTAN PRONE TO TREMORS?
Afghanistan is located on the edge of the Eurasian tectonic plate, which shares a transgression zone with the Indian plate – implying the two may converge or brush past each other – and is also influenced by the Arabian plate to its south, creating one of the world’s most tectonically active regions.
The northward movement of the Indian plate and its thrust against the Eurasian plate is usually responsible for Afghanistan’s numerous quakes.
WHICH AREAS ARE VULNERABLE?
Eastern and northeastern Afghanistan, especially regions along its borders with Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Pakistan, are particularly prone to earthquakes.
This includes heavily populated Kabul, which has the highest average estimated damage due to earthquakes, amounting to $17 million every year, according to a study.
Earthquakes are also particularly dangerous in Afghanistan’s mountains where they can trigger landslides, exacerbating loss of life and property.
WHICH WERE AFGHANISTAN’S WORST EARTHQUAKES?
Afghanistan has recorded around 100 “damaging” earthquakes since 1900.
Among the worst in recent years was a magnitude 6 quake in 2022 that killed 1,000 people. Multiple quakes in one month in 2023 together killed 1,000 people and destroyed entire villages.
One of Afghanistan’s largest earthquakes, with a magnitude of 7.5, struck in 2015, killing 399 people in Afghanistan, Pakistan and India.
Some of the greatest devastation was seen in 1998 as two earthquakes shook Afghanistan within three months – the first killing 2,300 people and the second 4,700.
HOW CAN THE COUNTRY BUILD RESILIENCE?
Studies recommend new structures be built in an earthquake-resistant way and existing buildings be retrofitted to reduce chances of collapse.
Better monitoring and early warning systems must also be created for more timely alerts, while fault lines should be mapped using geospatial and remote sensing technologies to enable relocation of people in vulnerable areas, they suggest. – REUTERS
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Pakistan welcomes US offer to facilitate dialogue with Afghanistan, while Kabul rejects Islamabad’s allegations
US Secretary of State Marco Rubio, who expressed Washington’s willingness to play a constructive role in reducing tensions between Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Pakistan has welcomed a US offer to facilitate dialogue between Islamabad and Kabul, expressing readiness to support diplomatic efforts by Washington and other friendly countries to ease tensions between the two neighbouring nations.
According to Pakistan’s Foreign Ministry, meaningful negotiations with Afghanistan would require clear commitments and practical, verifiable action by the Islamic Emirate authorities against militant groups allegedly operating from Afghan territory.
The Pakistani official specifically referred to the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), the Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) and other armed groups, describing action against them as a key condition for progress in bilateral talks.
However, the Islamic Emirate has rejected Pakistan’s allegations, maintaining that no armed groups are present in Afghanistan and that Afghan territory is not being used against any country, particularly neighbouring states.
The developments follow remarks by US Secretary of State Marco Rubio, who expressed Washington’s willingness to play a constructive role in reducing tensions between Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Pakistan says it remains committed to constructive engagement with Kabul but insists that dialogue must address Islamabad’s security concerns.
Meanwhile, the Islamic Emirate maintains that Pakistan’s security challenges are internal matters and that responsibility for resolving them should not be placed on Afghanistan.
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Afghan PM accepts credentials of Belarusian ambassador
Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi and Mullah Abdul Wasi, director general of the Office of the Prime Minister, also attended the ceremony.
Mullah Mohammad Hassan Akhund, prime minister of the Islamic Emirate, has received the credentials of Aleksandr Ogorodnikov, Belarus’ non-resident ambassador and special envoy to Afghanistan, during a ceremony at the Arg in Kabul.
Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi and Mullah Abdul Wasi, director general of the Office of the Prime Minister, also attended the ceremony. The two sides discussed expanding political, economic and transit relations between Afghanistan and Belarus.
Akhund described the start of the ambassador’s mission as a sign of a new chapter in relations between the two countries and expressed hope that his appointment would further strengthen political, economic and transit cooperation between Kabul and Minsk. He said Afghanistan was ready for comprehensive cooperation in these areas.
For his part, Ogorodnikov expressed satisfaction with the start of his mission in Afghanistan and said Belarus planned to increase trade with Afghanistan in the fields of agriculture, food products and pharmaceuticals.
He also said recent visits by various Islamic Emirate delegations to Belarus had helped strengthen trust and expand bilateral relations.
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36 Afghans among 38 migrants rescued off Dutch coast; two Sudanese arrested
The migrants were rescued on Saturday after their rubber boat, which had no functioning engine, was found drifting off the Dutch coast.
Dutch authorities have confirmed that 36 of the 38 men rescued from a stranded rubber boat off the coast of Cadzand in Zeeland are Afghan nationals, while two Sudanese men have been arrested on suspicion of human smuggling.
The migrants were rescued on Saturday after their rubber boat, which had no functioning engine, was found drifting off the Dutch coast.
Following the rescue, the vessel was towed to Cadzand, where all 38 men were brought ashore. The two Sudanese nationals were subsequently arrested as part of an investigation into suspected human smuggling.
The 36 Afghan nationals are currently being held in temporary custody at the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee facility in Hoogerheide, in the Brabant-Oost region.
Authorities are working to establish their identities and determine whether they intend to seek asylum in the Netherlands.
The Marechaussee is leading the operation, with support from the Royal Netherlands Sea Rescue Institution (KNRM) and the Dutch Coast Guard.
The vessel was reportedly a Zodiac-type inflatable boat, commonly used in migrant crossings. However, authorities have not disclosed where the boat originated or its intended destination.
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