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UNHCR: Afghan returnees from Iran better off than those returning from Pakistan

In its Afghanistan Post-Return Monitoring Survey Report, released on Tuesday, UNHCR highlighted stark differences in the living conditions and challenges faced by returnees depending on their country of return.

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The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) says Afghan refugees returning from Iran generally have higher levels of education, better food security, and more stable housing compared to those returning from Pakistan.

In its Afghanistan Post-Return Monitoring Survey Report, released on Tuesday, UNHCR highlighted stark differences in the living conditions and challenges faced by returnees depending on their country of return.

According to the report, Afghans returning from Iran often have greater access to education, improved food security, and better housing conditions. In contrast, returnees from Pakistan face severe economic hardship, are more dependent on daily wage labor, and carry heavier debt burdens.

UNHCR noted that returnees from Iran were slightly less likely to hold debt than those returning from Pakistan, while the gap between female-headed households (90 percent) and male-headed households (87 percent) remained relatively small.

The report further found that Afghan returnees from Pakistan—particularly recent arrivals—are more likely to rent accommodation and struggle to meet rental costs. By comparison, many returnees from Iran own homes or have inherited property. Access to safe drinking water and sanitation services was also found to be more limited among those returning from Pakistan.

On Monday alone, 2,827 Afghan migrants were repatriated from Iran and Pakistan, underscoring the continued scale of return movements.

Over the past four decades, Iran has remained one of the world’s largest host countries for refugees and migrants, despite facing significant economic and social pressures. The majority of these refugees are Afghans who fled conflict, insecurity, poverty, and prolonged crises in their homeland.

UNHCR data shows that Iran currently hosts around 773,000 registered Afghan refugees holding Amayesh cards, along with more than 2.7 million Afghans living in refugee-like conditions. With over 3.5 million refugees, Iran ranks as the world’s second-largest refugee-hosting country.

However, field reports and unofficial estimates suggest that as many as seven million Afghans may be residing in Iran, including around four million without legal documentation.

UNHCR has warned that Iran faces mounting challenges as the international community has provided less than one-third of the funding required to meet the humanitarian needs of refugees.

In a press release issued on October 27, UNHCR reported that more than 1.7 million Afghan refugees returned from Iran to Afghanistan during the first nine months of 2025, highlighting the growing pressure on both returnees and host communities.

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Central Asian envoys meet in Astana for talks on Afghanistan

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An extraordinary meeting of the Regional Contact Group of Special Representatives of Central Asian countries on Afghanistan was held at Kazakhstan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

The gathering brought together representatives from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan to discuss the situation in Afghanistan and explore avenues for practical cooperation, Kazakh foreign ministry said in a statement.

Yerkin Tukumov, Special Representative of the President of Kazakhstan for Afghanistan, emphasized the country’s commitment to constructive dialogue and identifying practical solutions to address pressing issues related to engagement with Kabul.

Discussions focused on enhancing trade and economic ties, expanding transit and transport corridors through Afghanistan, and addressing regional security concerns. Participants stressed the need for coordinated efforts among Central Asian states to ensure stability and promote sustainable development in Afghanistan.

The meeting concluded with a reaffirmation of the participants’ readiness to continue regular consultations and maintain working-level contacts under the framework of the Regional Contact Group.

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Afghanistan’s defense ministry unveils new military uniforms for armed forces

Speaking at the ceremony, Qari Fasihuddin said the uniform is designed to reinforce order, discipline, and a shared sense of purpose within the ranks.

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The Ministry of National Defense of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan officially unveiled a new uniform for the country’s armed forces on Monday.

The new attire, selected for commandos, border police, and the Afghan National Army, was introduced during a special ceremony held at the Ministry’s headquarters.

The event was attended by the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces, Qari Mohammad Fasihuddin Fitrat, senior ministry officials, and commanders of central units. Officials emphasized that the new uniform represents discipline, cohesion, and a unified identity among all personnel.

Speaking at the ceremony, Qari Fasihuddin said the uniform is designed to reinforce order, discipline, and a shared sense of purpose within the ranks.

“This new uniform symbolizes unity and solidarity of our armed forces,” he said. “All those joining the ranks must see defending the country as their primary responsibility and commitment.”

Meanwhile, Enayatullah “Khowarzmi,” Head of Strategic Information and Publications at the Ministry, highlighted the importance of professionalism and ethical conduct.

He said; “Every soldier must have strong willpower, high moral standards, and strict adherence to military principles. Forces must remain resolute against enemies while serving the people with integrity and responsibility.”

According to ministry officials, the introduction of the new uniform is part of ongoing efforts to strengthen cohesion, discipline, and a unified identity among Afghanistan’s defense forces.

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Tashkent and Kabul discuss strengthening strategic partnership

The discussions come amid continued efforts by neighboring countries to maintain pragmatic engagement with Kabul despite ongoing political and economic challenges.

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A senior Uzbek official has held talks in Kabul aimed at deepening political, economic and regional cooperation between Uzbekistan and Afghanistan, as both sides seek to translate long-term strategic goals into practical outcomes.

Javlon Vakhabov, Deputy Adviser to the President of Uzbekistan, met with Abdulhai Qanet, Head of the Strategic Studies Center at Afghanistan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, to discuss ways to enhance cooperation and advance joint agendas under the Uzbekistan–Afghanistan partnership.

In a post on X, Vakhabov said the two sides also explored initiatives to raise public awareness of developments in both countries and across the wider region, highlighting the importance of communication and public engagement alongside diplomatic efforts.

Uzbekistan has in recent years positioned itself as an active regional partner on Afghanistan, advocating dialogue, economic cooperation, and connectivity as key tools for promoting stability. Tashkent has supported regional infrastructure and trade initiatives aimed at linking Central and South Asia, while stressing that economic engagement can contribute to long-term security.

Vakhabov added that both sides are keen to turn long-term strategic objectives into concrete initiatives, with a focus on strengthening regional stability, collaboration, and shared interests.

The discussions come amid continued efforts by neighboring countries to maintain pragmatic engagement with Kabul despite ongoing political and economic challenges.

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