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Afghans face renewed uncertainty as Pakistan intensifies deportation campaign
Since October 2023, more than 2.5 million Afghans have returned from Pakistan under Islamabad’s deportation policy.
Thousands of Afghan families are returning to Afghanistan as Pakistan steps up its latest deportation campaign against undocumented foreign nationals.
Pakistan’s government set July 10 as the deadline for Afghans without valid visas to leave the country, ending recognition of documents that had previously allowed many Afghans to remain legally.
According to reports, between 400 and 600 families are crossing through Torkham into Afghanistan each day. Since October 2023, more than 2.5 million Afghans have returned from Pakistan under Islamabad’s deportation policy.
Many of those leaving say they have spent their entire lives in Pakistan and are returning to a country they barely know. Some families told reporters they were forced to sell homes and businesses at heavily reduced prices before departing, while others described increasing police raids and fears of arrest.
The large-scale returns are placing additional pressure on Afghanistan’s already limited resources, with transit centres and aid agencies struggling to support the growing number of returnees.
Pakistan says the deportation campaign is aimed at undocumented migrants and that only Afghans holding valid visas, such as student, business or visit visas, are permitted to remain in the country.
The deportations come amid strained relations between Pakistan and the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, with Islamabad accusing Kabul of failing to prevent cross-frontier militant activity. Afghan authorities have repeatedly rejected those allegations.
Humanitarian organisations have warned that the continuing return of large numbers of Afghans risks worsening the humanitarian situation in Afghanistan, where many returnees face an uncertain future.
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Poland resumes Afghan deportations despite European court order
Poland has resumed deportations of Afghan nationals despite interim protective measures issued by the European Court of Human Rights, according to a report published Monday by Dziennik Gazeta Prawna.
The newspaper said Polish authorities continue to arrange deportations on an ad hoc basis, with border officials maintaining only limited technical contact with the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan’s airport authorities to facilitate returns.
The report highlighted an April 10 deportation in which three Afghan nationals were flown from Poland to Uzbekistan before boarding a flight to Kabul without Polish escorts, despite the European court’s order to halt their removal.
According to the Institute for the Rule of Law, the men were detained at Kabul airport for a week before being sent back to Uzbekistan, then returned to Kabul a second time. At least one of the men was eventually allowed to enter Afghanistan.
Poland’s Border Guard said each deportation is assessed individually and includes a review of the person’s legal status and conditions in their country of origin. However, it acknowledged that once deportees are handed over to Afghan authorities, it has no information about their subsequent whereabouts or treatment.
The report was based on information provided by Poland’s Interior Ministry and was published by the Polish Press Agency (PAP).
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Fitrat says Pakistan’s attacks on Afghanistan have always been met with a response
He also stressed that the Islamic Emirate remains committed to preventing Afghan territory from being used to threaten the security of any other country.
The Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, Fasihuddin Fitrat, has described Pakistan’s recent cross-Durand Line attacks as “unacceptable,” saying that none of Islamabad’s military actions against Afghanistan have gone unanswered.
Speaking on the issue, Fitrat accused Pakistan of repeatedly targeting civilian areas during its operations, while claiming that the Islamic Emirate’s retaliatory actions have not resulted in civilian casualties.
Tensions between Afghanistan and Pakistan have remained high in recent years, with both sides exchanging accusations over cross-Durand Line security incidents and the presence of militant groups operating along their shared frontier. Pakistan has repeatedly alleged that members of the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) are using Afghan territory to launch attacks inside Pakistan, an accusation the Islamic Emirate has consistently denied.
Reiterating that position, Fitrat dismissed Pakistan’s allegations as baseless and insisted that no TTP fighters are present in Afghanistan.
He also stressed that the Islamic Emirate remains committed to preventing Afghan territory from being used to threaten the security of any other country.
“The Islamic Emirate will not allow any country or group to use Afghanistan’s soil against another nation,” Fitrat said, adding that safeguarding the country’s sovereignty, territorial integrity and national security remains a top priority.
The latest remarks come amid continued strains in relations between Kabul and Islamabad, despite repeated calls from both sides for dialogue and improved border security cooperation.
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Pakistan clears 26 WFP aid containers for Afghanistan through Torkham crossing
According to Khan, the Islamic Emirate had previously informed the United Nations that its humanitarian shipments would be permitted to enter Afghanistan through Torkham.
Pakistan has authorised the movement of 26 World Food Programme (WFP) containers carrying food and humanitarian supplies into Afghanistan via the Torkham crossing.
Customs officials issued gate passes for the convoy late on Monday after completing the required clearance procedures. The containers had remained at the Torkham import terminal for several hours while authorities awaited final approval from senior officials.
According to customs clearing agents, the convoy was cleared after electronic scanning and other formalities were completed. Officials also indicated that all vehicles that had finished the required procedures would be allowed to continue into Afghanistan on Tuesday.
The shipment is carrying food and other essential relief items as part of the WFP’s ongoing humanitarian assistance program for Afghanistan.
The Torkham crossing, one of the main transit routes linking Pakistan and Afghanistan, has remained closed to regular commercial traffic since October 2025 because of heightened security concerns.
Pakistani journalist Tahir Khan reported that United Nations humanitarian convoys have now started moving into Afghanistan through Torkham. He said around 20 trucks loaded with relief supplies, including cooking oil and biscuits, have already entered the country, while more than 50 aid trucks are expected to make the journey.
According to Khan, the Islamic Emirate had previously informed the United Nations that its humanitarian shipments would be permitted to enter Afghanistan through Torkham.
He also cited remarks by Pakistan’s Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, Ishaq Dar, who announced that UN aid convoys would be allowed to begin transiting through the crossing from July 14.
The Islamic Emirate has not yet issued an official statement on the reported arrival of the humanitarian convoy.
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